Medicaid expansions and differences in guideline‐adherent cervical cancer screening between American Indian and White women
Abstract Background Although preventable through screening, cervical cancer incidence and mortality are higher among American Indian and Alaska Native women (AIAN) than White women. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act's (ACA) Medicaid expansions may uniquely impact access and use of...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2023-04-01
|
| Series: | Cancer Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.5593 |
| _version_ | 1797838372486512640 |
|---|---|
| author | Danielle R. Gartner Jessica Y. Islam Claire E. Margerison |
| author_facet | Danielle R. Gartner Jessica Y. Islam Claire E. Margerison |
| author_sort | Danielle R. Gartner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Although preventable through screening, cervical cancer incidence and mortality are higher among American Indian and Alaska Native women (AIAN) than White women. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act's (ACA) Medicaid expansions may uniquely impact access and use of cervical cancer screening among AIAN women and ultimately alleviate this disparity. Methods Using Medicaid eligible AIAN (N = 4681) and White (N = 57,661) women aged 18–64 years from the 2010–2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we implemented difference‐in‐differences regression to estimate the association between the Medicaid expansions and guideline‐adherent cervical cancer screening and health care coverage. Results The Medicaid expansions were not associated with guideline‐adherent cervical cancer screening (AIAN: −1 percentage point [ppt] [95% confidence interval, CI: −4, 2 ppts]; White: 3 ppts [95% CI: −0, 6 ppts]), but were associated with a 2 ppt increase (95% CI: 0, 4 ppt) in having had a pap test in the last 5 years among White women. The Medicaid expansions were also associated with increases in having a health plan (AIAN: 5 ppts [95% CI: 1, 9]; White: 11 ppts [95% CI: 7, 15]) and decreases in avoiding medical care due to costs (AIAN: −8 ppts [95% CI: −13, −2]; White: −6 ppts [95% CI: −9, −4]). Conclusions While we observed improvements in health care coverage, we did not observe changes to guideline‐adherent cervical cancer screening following the ACA's Medicaid expansions. Given the disproportionate burden of cervical cancer among AIAN women, identifying ways to improve cervical cancer screening uptake and delivery should be prioritized to reduce preventable deaths. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:40:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5c108950e37a48b880d04ac96ce7c1fc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-7634 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:40:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancer Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-5c108950e37a48b880d04ac96ce7c1fc2023-04-27T10:12:44ZengWileyCancer Medicine2045-76342023-04-011278700870910.1002/cam4.5593Medicaid expansions and differences in guideline‐adherent cervical cancer screening between American Indian and White womenDanielle R. Gartner0Jessica Y. Islam1Claire E. Margerison2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USACancer Epidemiology Program H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa Florida USADepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USAAbstract Background Although preventable through screening, cervical cancer incidence and mortality are higher among American Indian and Alaska Native women (AIAN) than White women. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act's (ACA) Medicaid expansions may uniquely impact access and use of cervical cancer screening among AIAN women and ultimately alleviate this disparity. Methods Using Medicaid eligible AIAN (N = 4681) and White (N = 57,661) women aged 18–64 years from the 2010–2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we implemented difference‐in‐differences regression to estimate the association between the Medicaid expansions and guideline‐adherent cervical cancer screening and health care coverage. Results The Medicaid expansions were not associated with guideline‐adherent cervical cancer screening (AIAN: −1 percentage point [ppt] [95% confidence interval, CI: −4, 2 ppts]; White: 3 ppts [95% CI: −0, 6 ppts]), but were associated with a 2 ppt increase (95% CI: 0, 4 ppt) in having had a pap test in the last 5 years among White women. The Medicaid expansions were also associated with increases in having a health plan (AIAN: 5 ppts [95% CI: 1, 9]; White: 11 ppts [95% CI: 7, 15]) and decreases in avoiding medical care due to costs (AIAN: −8 ppts [95% CI: −13, −2]; White: −6 ppts [95% CI: −9, −4]). Conclusions While we observed improvements in health care coverage, we did not observe changes to guideline‐adherent cervical cancer screening following the ACA's Medicaid expansions. Given the disproportionate burden of cervical cancer among AIAN women, identifying ways to improve cervical cancer screening uptake and delivery should be prioritized to reduce preventable deaths.https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.5593American Indians or Alaska Nativesearly detection of cancerhealthcare disparitiesMedicaidPapanicolaou test |
| spellingShingle | Danielle R. Gartner Jessica Y. Islam Claire E. Margerison Medicaid expansions and differences in guideline‐adherent cervical cancer screening between American Indian and White women Cancer Medicine American Indians or Alaska Natives early detection of cancer healthcare disparities Medicaid Papanicolaou test |
| title | Medicaid expansions and differences in guideline‐adherent cervical cancer screening between American Indian and White women |
| title_full | Medicaid expansions and differences in guideline‐adherent cervical cancer screening between American Indian and White women |
| title_fullStr | Medicaid expansions and differences in guideline‐adherent cervical cancer screening between American Indian and White women |
| title_full_unstemmed | Medicaid expansions and differences in guideline‐adherent cervical cancer screening between American Indian and White women |
| title_short | Medicaid expansions and differences in guideline‐adherent cervical cancer screening between American Indian and White women |
| title_sort | medicaid expansions and differences in guideline adherent cervical cancer screening between american indian and white women |
| topic | American Indians or Alaska Natives early detection of cancer healthcare disparities Medicaid Papanicolaou test |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.5593 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT daniellergartner medicaidexpansionsanddifferencesinguidelineadherentcervicalcancerscreeningbetweenamericanindianandwhitewomen AT jessicayislam medicaidexpansionsanddifferencesinguidelineadherentcervicalcancerscreeningbetweenamericanindianandwhitewomen AT claireemargerison medicaidexpansionsanddifferencesinguidelineadherentcervicalcancerscreeningbetweenamericanindianandwhitewomen |