New insights from Gorongosa National Park and Niassa National Reserve of Mozambique increasing the genetic diversity of Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma vivax-like in tsetse flies, wild ungulates and livestock from East Africa
Abstract Background Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax is a major pathogen of livestock in Africa and South America (SA), and genetic studies limited to small sampling suggest greater diversity in East Africa (EA) compared to both West Africa (WA) and SA. Methods Multidimensional scaling and phylogeneti...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2017-07-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-017-2241-2 |
| _version_ | 1811282886178897920 |
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| author | Carla MF Rodrigues Herakles A Garcia Adriana C Rodrigues André G Costa-Martins Carlos L Pereira Dagmar L Pereira Zakaria Bengaly Luis Neves Erney P Camargo Patrick B Hamilton Marta MG Teixeira |
| author_facet | Carla MF Rodrigues Herakles A Garcia Adriana C Rodrigues André G Costa-Martins Carlos L Pereira Dagmar L Pereira Zakaria Bengaly Luis Neves Erney P Camargo Patrick B Hamilton Marta MG Teixeira |
| author_sort | Carla MF Rodrigues |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax is a major pathogen of livestock in Africa and South America (SA), and genetic studies limited to small sampling suggest greater diversity in East Africa (EA) compared to both West Africa (WA) and SA. Methods Multidimensional scaling and phylogenetic analyses of 112 sequences of the glycosomal glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) gene and 263 sequences of the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA (ITS rDNA) were performed to compare trypanosomes from tsetse flies from Gorongosa National Park and Niassa National Reserve of Mozambique (MZ), wild ungulates and livestock from EA, and livestock isolates from WA and SA. Results Multidimensional scaling (MDS) supported Tvv (T. vivax) and TvL (T. vivax-like) evolutionary lineages: 1) Tvv comprises two main groups, TvvA/B (all SA and WA isolates plus some isolates from EA) and TvvC/D (exclusively from EA). The network revealed five ITS-genotypes within Tvv: Tvv1 (WA/EA isolates), Tvv2 (SA) and Tvv3–5 (EA). EA genotypes of Tvv ranged from highly related to largely different from WA/SA genotypes. 2) TvL comprises two gGAPDH-groups formed exclusively by EA sequences, TvLA (Tanzania/Kenya) and TvLB-D (MZ). This lineage contains more than 11 ITS-genotypes, seven forming the lineage TvL-Gorongosa that diverged from T. vivax Y486 enough to be identified as another species of the subgenus Duttonella. While gGAPDH sequences were fundamental for classification at the subgenus, major evolutionary lineages and species levels, ITS rDNA sequences permitted identification of known and novel genotypes. Conclusions Our results corroborate a remarkable diversity of Duttonella trypanosomes in EA, especially in wildlife conservation areas, compared to the moderate diversity in WA. Surveys in wilderness areas in WA may reveal greater diversity. Biogeographical and phylogenetic data point to EA as the place of origin, diversification and spread of Duttonella trypanosomes across Africa, providing relevant insights towards the understanding of T. vivax evolutionary history. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:00:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5c1585ace9a44f3dad7bbb0194744016 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:00:31Z |
| publishDate | 2017-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-5c1585ace9a44f3dad7bbb01947440162022-12-22T03:07:38ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052017-07-0110111610.1186/s13071-017-2241-2New insights from Gorongosa National Park and Niassa National Reserve of Mozambique increasing the genetic diversity of Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma vivax-like in tsetse flies, wild ungulates and livestock from East AfricaCarla MF Rodrigues0Herakles A Garcia1Adriana C Rodrigues2André G Costa-Martins3Carlos L Pereira4Dagmar L Pereira5Zakaria Bengaly6Luis Neves7Erney P Camargo8Patrick B Hamilton9Marta MG Teixeira10Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloNational Administration of Conservation Areas, Ministry of TourismIndependent researcherCentre International de Recherche-Développement sur l’Elevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES)Centro de Biotecnologia, Eduardo Mondlane UniversityDepartamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloBiosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterDepartamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloAbstract Background Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax is a major pathogen of livestock in Africa and South America (SA), and genetic studies limited to small sampling suggest greater diversity in East Africa (EA) compared to both West Africa (WA) and SA. Methods Multidimensional scaling and phylogenetic analyses of 112 sequences of the glycosomal glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) gene and 263 sequences of the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA (ITS rDNA) were performed to compare trypanosomes from tsetse flies from Gorongosa National Park and Niassa National Reserve of Mozambique (MZ), wild ungulates and livestock from EA, and livestock isolates from WA and SA. Results Multidimensional scaling (MDS) supported Tvv (T. vivax) and TvL (T. vivax-like) evolutionary lineages: 1) Tvv comprises two main groups, TvvA/B (all SA and WA isolates plus some isolates from EA) and TvvC/D (exclusively from EA). The network revealed five ITS-genotypes within Tvv: Tvv1 (WA/EA isolates), Tvv2 (SA) and Tvv3–5 (EA). EA genotypes of Tvv ranged from highly related to largely different from WA/SA genotypes. 2) TvL comprises two gGAPDH-groups formed exclusively by EA sequences, TvLA (Tanzania/Kenya) and TvLB-D (MZ). This lineage contains more than 11 ITS-genotypes, seven forming the lineage TvL-Gorongosa that diverged from T. vivax Y486 enough to be identified as another species of the subgenus Duttonella. While gGAPDH sequences were fundamental for classification at the subgenus, major evolutionary lineages and species levels, ITS rDNA sequences permitted identification of known and novel genotypes. Conclusions Our results corroborate a remarkable diversity of Duttonella trypanosomes in EA, especially in wildlife conservation areas, compared to the moderate diversity in WA. Surveys in wilderness areas in WA may reveal greater diversity. Biogeographical and phylogenetic data point to EA as the place of origin, diversification and spread of Duttonella trypanosomes across Africa, providing relevant insights towards the understanding of T. vivax evolutionary history.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-017-2241-2African animal trypanosomiasisWildlifeTsetse flyDiagnosisGenotypingPhylogeny |
| spellingShingle | Carla MF Rodrigues Herakles A Garcia Adriana C Rodrigues André G Costa-Martins Carlos L Pereira Dagmar L Pereira Zakaria Bengaly Luis Neves Erney P Camargo Patrick B Hamilton Marta MG Teixeira New insights from Gorongosa National Park and Niassa National Reserve of Mozambique increasing the genetic diversity of Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma vivax-like in tsetse flies, wild ungulates and livestock from East Africa Parasites & Vectors African animal trypanosomiasis Wildlife Tsetse fly Diagnosis Genotyping Phylogeny |
| title | New insights from Gorongosa National Park and Niassa National Reserve of Mozambique increasing the genetic diversity of Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma vivax-like in tsetse flies, wild ungulates and livestock from East Africa |
| title_full | New insights from Gorongosa National Park and Niassa National Reserve of Mozambique increasing the genetic diversity of Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma vivax-like in tsetse flies, wild ungulates and livestock from East Africa |
| title_fullStr | New insights from Gorongosa National Park and Niassa National Reserve of Mozambique increasing the genetic diversity of Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma vivax-like in tsetse flies, wild ungulates and livestock from East Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | New insights from Gorongosa National Park and Niassa National Reserve of Mozambique increasing the genetic diversity of Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma vivax-like in tsetse flies, wild ungulates and livestock from East Africa |
| title_short | New insights from Gorongosa National Park and Niassa National Reserve of Mozambique increasing the genetic diversity of Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma vivax-like in tsetse flies, wild ungulates and livestock from East Africa |
| title_sort | new insights from gorongosa national park and niassa national reserve of mozambique increasing the genetic diversity of trypanosoma vivax and trypanosoma vivax like in tsetse flies wild ungulates and livestock from east africa |
| topic | African animal trypanosomiasis Wildlife Tsetse fly Diagnosis Genotyping Phylogeny |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-017-2241-2 |
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