Limonoids From the Genus Melia (Meliaceae): Phytochemistry, Synthesis, Bioactivities, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicology
Limonoids, as the vital bioactive chemical compounds in genus Melia plants, have attracted significant attention owing to their exclusive structural characteristics and remarkable biological activity. These compounds can be usually classified into two categories, including the ring-intact group and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.795565/full |
| _version_ | 1818973899036033024 |
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| author | Wenxiang Fan Linhong Fan Zhengtao Wang Li Yang Li Yang |
| author_facet | Wenxiang Fan Linhong Fan Zhengtao Wang Li Yang Li Yang |
| author_sort | Wenxiang Fan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Limonoids, as the vital bioactive chemical compounds in genus Melia plants, have attracted significant attention owing to their exclusive structural characteristics and remarkable biological activity. These compounds can be usually classified into two categories, including the ring-intact group and the ring-C-seco group. Benefiting from the development of separation and analysis technology, more than 200 limonoids have been isolated and identified from this genus. There is growing evidence that limonoids from genus Melia possess diverse pharmacological activities, especially anti-cancer effects, insecticidal activities, and anti-botulism effects. Toosendanin, one of the paramount limonoids, was considered as the pivotal bioactive marker in two medicinal herbs, including Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc and Melia azedarach L. In particular, limonoids are found to exhibit non-negligible toxic effects, a finding which needs further research. Besides this, the lack of clinical research data seriously hinders its further development and utilization, and necessary clinical trials should be taken into consideration. In this review, we systematically summarized the phytochemical compounds and their synthesis methods, pharmacological activities, and the structure–activity relationship, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of genus Melia-derived limonoids. We believe that this up-to-date review could provide scientific evidence for the application of limonoids as agents beneficial to health in future clinical practice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T15:31:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5c1cd78d3fe744d3a3d85b8dba93330a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T15:31:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-5c1cd78d3fe744d3a3d85b8dba93330a2022-12-21T19:35:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122022-01-011210.3389/fphar.2021.795565795565Limonoids From the Genus Melia (Meliaceae): Phytochemistry, Synthesis, Bioactivities, Pharmacokinetics, and ToxicologyWenxiang Fan0Linhong Fan1Zhengtao Wang2Li Yang3Li Yang4The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaThe MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaThe MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaThe MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaLimonoids, as the vital bioactive chemical compounds in genus Melia plants, have attracted significant attention owing to their exclusive structural characteristics and remarkable biological activity. These compounds can be usually classified into two categories, including the ring-intact group and the ring-C-seco group. Benefiting from the development of separation and analysis technology, more than 200 limonoids have been isolated and identified from this genus. There is growing evidence that limonoids from genus Melia possess diverse pharmacological activities, especially anti-cancer effects, insecticidal activities, and anti-botulism effects. Toosendanin, one of the paramount limonoids, was considered as the pivotal bioactive marker in two medicinal herbs, including Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc and Melia azedarach L. In particular, limonoids are found to exhibit non-negligible toxic effects, a finding which needs further research. Besides this, the lack of clinical research data seriously hinders its further development and utilization, and necessary clinical trials should be taken into consideration. In this review, we systematically summarized the phytochemical compounds and their synthesis methods, pharmacological activities, and the structure–activity relationship, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of genus Melia-derived limonoids. We believe that this up-to-date review could provide scientific evidence for the application of limonoids as agents beneficial to health in future clinical practice.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.795565/fulllimonoidsgenus Meliatoosendaninanti-tumorinsecticidetoxicology |
| spellingShingle | Wenxiang Fan Linhong Fan Zhengtao Wang Li Yang Li Yang Limonoids From the Genus Melia (Meliaceae): Phytochemistry, Synthesis, Bioactivities, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicology Frontiers in Pharmacology limonoids genus Melia toosendanin anti-tumor insecticide toxicology |
| title | Limonoids From the Genus Melia (Meliaceae): Phytochemistry, Synthesis, Bioactivities, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicology |
| title_full | Limonoids From the Genus Melia (Meliaceae): Phytochemistry, Synthesis, Bioactivities, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicology |
| title_fullStr | Limonoids From the Genus Melia (Meliaceae): Phytochemistry, Synthesis, Bioactivities, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Limonoids From the Genus Melia (Meliaceae): Phytochemistry, Synthesis, Bioactivities, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicology |
| title_short | Limonoids From the Genus Melia (Meliaceae): Phytochemistry, Synthesis, Bioactivities, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicology |
| title_sort | limonoids from the genus melia meliaceae phytochemistry synthesis bioactivities pharmacokinetics and toxicology |
| topic | limonoids genus Melia toosendanin anti-tumor insecticide toxicology |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.795565/full |
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