Readiness of health facilities to deliver non-communicable diseases services in Kenya: a national cross-sectional survey
Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for an estimated 71% of all global deaths annually and nearly 80% of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the readiness of existing healthcare systems at different levels of health care in deli...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-08-01
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| Series: | BMC Health Services Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08364-w |
| _version_ | 1818505198043136000 |
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| author | Rita Ammoun Welcome Mkhululi Wami Peter Otieno Constance Schultsz Catherine Kyobutungi Gershim Asiki |
| author_facet | Rita Ammoun Welcome Mkhululi Wami Peter Otieno Constance Schultsz Catherine Kyobutungi Gershim Asiki |
| author_sort | Rita Ammoun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for an estimated 71% of all global deaths annually and nearly 80% of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the readiness of existing healthcare systems at different levels of health care in delivering NCDs management and prevention services in Kenya. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 258 facilities was conducted between June 2019 and December 2020 using multistage sampling, examining facility readiness based on the availability of indicators such as equipment, diagnostic capacity, medicines and commodities, trained staff and guidelines for NCDs management. Readiness scores were calculated as the mean availability of tracer items expressed as a percentage and a cut-off threshold of ≥ 70% was used to classify facilities as “ready” to manage NCDs. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed to assess the readiness of facilities by type, level, and location settings. Logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with the readiness of facilities to provide disease-specific services. Results Of the surveyed facilities, 93.8% offered chronic respiratory disease (CRD) diagnosis and/or management services, 82.2% diabetes mellitus, 65.1% cardiovascular disease (CVD), and only 24.4% cervical cancer screening services. The mean readiness scores for diabetes mellitus (71%; 95% CI: 67–74) and CVD (69%; 95% CI: 66–72) were relatively high. Although CRD services were reportedly the most widely available, its mean readiness score was low (48%; 95% CI: 45–50). The majority of facilities offering cervical cancer services had all the necessary tracer items available to provide these services. Modeling results revealed that private facilities were more likely to be “ready” to offer NCDs services than public facilities. Similarly, hospitals were more likely “ready” to provide NCDs services than primary health facilities. These disparities in service readiness extended to the regional and urban/rural divide. Conclusions Important gaps in the current readiness of facilities to manage NCDs in Kenya at different levels of health care were revealed, showing variations by disease and healthcare facility type. A collective approach is therefore needed to bridge the gap between resource availability and population healthcare needs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T21:47:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5c278ac4260e48c0bdbc736afaf8a161 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6963 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T21:47:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Health Services Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-5c278ac4260e48c0bdbc736afaf8a1612022-12-22T01:32:19ZengBMCBMC Health Services Research1472-69632022-08-0122111110.1186/s12913-022-08364-wReadiness of health facilities to deliver non-communicable diseases services in Kenya: a national cross-sectional surveyRita Ammoun0Welcome Mkhululi Wami1Peter Otieno2Constance Schultsz3Catherine Kyobutungi4Gershim Asiki5Faculty of Médicine, Limoges UniversitéAfrican Population and Health Research CenterAfrican Population and Health Research CenterAmsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and DevelopmentAfrican Population and Health Research CenterAfrican Population and Health Research CenterAbstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for an estimated 71% of all global deaths annually and nearly 80% of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the readiness of existing healthcare systems at different levels of health care in delivering NCDs management and prevention services in Kenya. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 258 facilities was conducted between June 2019 and December 2020 using multistage sampling, examining facility readiness based on the availability of indicators such as equipment, diagnostic capacity, medicines and commodities, trained staff and guidelines for NCDs management. Readiness scores were calculated as the mean availability of tracer items expressed as a percentage and a cut-off threshold of ≥ 70% was used to classify facilities as “ready” to manage NCDs. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed to assess the readiness of facilities by type, level, and location settings. Logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with the readiness of facilities to provide disease-specific services. Results Of the surveyed facilities, 93.8% offered chronic respiratory disease (CRD) diagnosis and/or management services, 82.2% diabetes mellitus, 65.1% cardiovascular disease (CVD), and only 24.4% cervical cancer screening services. The mean readiness scores for diabetes mellitus (71%; 95% CI: 67–74) and CVD (69%; 95% CI: 66–72) were relatively high. Although CRD services were reportedly the most widely available, its mean readiness score was low (48%; 95% CI: 45–50). The majority of facilities offering cervical cancer services had all the necessary tracer items available to provide these services. Modeling results revealed that private facilities were more likely to be “ready” to offer NCDs services than public facilities. Similarly, hospitals were more likely “ready” to provide NCDs services than primary health facilities. These disparities in service readiness extended to the regional and urban/rural divide. Conclusions Important gaps in the current readiness of facilities to manage NCDs in Kenya at different levels of health care were revealed, showing variations by disease and healthcare facility type. A collective approach is therefore needed to bridge the gap between resource availability and population healthcare needs.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08364-wHealthcare facilitiesNon-communicable diseasesService availabilityReadiness |
| spellingShingle | Rita Ammoun Welcome Mkhululi Wami Peter Otieno Constance Schultsz Catherine Kyobutungi Gershim Asiki Readiness of health facilities to deliver non-communicable diseases services in Kenya: a national cross-sectional survey BMC Health Services Research Healthcare facilities Non-communicable diseases Service availability Readiness |
| title | Readiness of health facilities to deliver non-communicable diseases services in Kenya: a national cross-sectional survey |
| title_full | Readiness of health facilities to deliver non-communicable diseases services in Kenya: a national cross-sectional survey |
| title_fullStr | Readiness of health facilities to deliver non-communicable diseases services in Kenya: a national cross-sectional survey |
| title_full_unstemmed | Readiness of health facilities to deliver non-communicable diseases services in Kenya: a national cross-sectional survey |
| title_short | Readiness of health facilities to deliver non-communicable diseases services in Kenya: a national cross-sectional survey |
| title_sort | readiness of health facilities to deliver non communicable diseases services in kenya a national cross sectional survey |
| topic | Healthcare facilities Non-communicable diseases Service availability Readiness |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08364-w |
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