Effect of Nitric Oxide on Basolateral Amygdala on Persistence of Anxiety and Depression in Stressed Male Rats
Introduction: The current study aimed at investigating the role of Nitric Oxide (NO) in the maintenance of anxiety and depression induced by stress in male Wistar rats using intra-Basolateral Amygdala (BLA) injection of NO precursor, L-arginine, Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and L-NAME. Me...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Iran University of Medical Sciences
2019-01-01
|
| Series: | Basic and Clinical Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-15-10&slc_lang=en&sid=1 |
| _version_ | 1797280643857514496 |
|---|---|
| author | Esmaeil Nikkar Hassan Ghoshooni Mohammad Mahdi Hadipour Hedayat Sahraei |
| author_facet | Esmaeil Nikkar Hassan Ghoshooni Mohammad Mahdi Hadipour Hedayat Sahraei |
| author_sort | Esmaeil Nikkar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: The current study aimed at investigating the role of Nitric Oxide (NO) in the maintenance of anxiety and depression induced by stress in male Wistar rats using intra-Basolateral Amygdala (BLA) injection of NO precursor, L-arginine, Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and L-NAME.
Methods: Two 23-gauge stainless steel cannulas were placed in the BLA, stereotaxically. Seven days later, animals experienced electro foot shock stress based on the following protocol: animals experienced four sessions of stress for 60 minutes in four consecutive days. Five minutes before each stress session, the animals received different doses of L-arginine or L-NAME (1, 5 and, 10 μg/rat) or saline (0.5 μL/rat) intra-BLA. Six days after the stress termination, animals were tested for maintenance of anxiety-like behavior (elevated plus maze; EPM) and eight days after the stress they were examined for depression (forced swimming test; FST).
Results: Stress reduced the time and number of open arms and decreased motor activity on EPM. Stress-induced anxiety was inhibited by L-arginine and L-NAME (1, 5, and 10 µg/rat). L-Arginine and L-NAME induced anxiety in non-stressed rats. Stress also increased the immobility time in animals in FST paradigm. Interestingly, both L-arginine and L-NAME, in all doses reduced the stress effect.
Conclusion: BLA nitric oxide may play a pivotal role in anxiety and depression induced by stress in rats. Since the effects of both L-arginine and L-NAME were similar, NO might have a modulatory role in the BLA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T16:43:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5c27b27376064f7197b54d3041e0702b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2008-126X 2228-7442 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T16:43:14Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Iran University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Basic and Clinical Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-5c27b27376064f7197b54d3041e0702b2024-03-03T07:15:18ZengIran University of Medical SciencesBasic and Clinical Neuroscience2008-126X2228-74422019-01-011011322Effect of Nitric Oxide on Basolateral Amygdala on Persistence of Anxiety and Depression in Stressed Male RatsEsmaeil Nikkar0Hassan Ghoshooni1Mohammad Mahdi Hadipour2Hedayat Sahraei3 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Introduction: The current study aimed at investigating the role of Nitric Oxide (NO) in the maintenance of anxiety and depression induced by stress in male Wistar rats using intra-Basolateral Amygdala (BLA) injection of NO precursor, L-arginine, Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and L-NAME. Methods: Two 23-gauge stainless steel cannulas were placed in the BLA, stereotaxically. Seven days later, animals experienced electro foot shock stress based on the following protocol: animals experienced four sessions of stress for 60 minutes in four consecutive days. Five minutes before each stress session, the animals received different doses of L-arginine or L-NAME (1, 5 and, 10 μg/rat) or saline (0.5 μL/rat) intra-BLA. Six days after the stress termination, animals were tested for maintenance of anxiety-like behavior (elevated plus maze; EPM) and eight days after the stress they were examined for depression (forced swimming test; FST). Results: Stress reduced the time and number of open arms and decreased motor activity on EPM. Stress-induced anxiety was inhibited by L-arginine and L-NAME (1, 5, and 10 µg/rat). L-Arginine and L-NAME induced anxiety in non-stressed rats. Stress also increased the immobility time in animals in FST paradigm. Interestingly, both L-arginine and L-NAME, in all doses reduced the stress effect. Conclusion: BLA nitric oxide may play a pivotal role in anxiety and depression induced by stress in rats. Since the effects of both L-arginine and L-NAME were similar, NO might have a modulatory role in the BLA.http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-15-10&slc_lang=en&sid=1AnxietyBasolateral AmygdalaDepressionNitric OxideL-ArginineStress |
| spellingShingle | Esmaeil Nikkar Hassan Ghoshooni Mohammad Mahdi Hadipour Hedayat Sahraei Effect of Nitric Oxide on Basolateral Amygdala on Persistence of Anxiety and Depression in Stressed Male Rats Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Anxiety Basolateral Amygdala Depression Nitric Oxide L-Arginine Stress |
| title | Effect of Nitric Oxide on Basolateral Amygdala on Persistence of Anxiety and Depression in Stressed Male Rats |
| title_full | Effect of Nitric Oxide on Basolateral Amygdala on Persistence of Anxiety and Depression in Stressed Male Rats |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Nitric Oxide on Basolateral Amygdala on Persistence of Anxiety and Depression in Stressed Male Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Nitric Oxide on Basolateral Amygdala on Persistence of Anxiety and Depression in Stressed Male Rats |
| title_short | Effect of Nitric Oxide on Basolateral Amygdala on Persistence of Anxiety and Depression in Stressed Male Rats |
| title_sort | effect of nitric oxide on basolateral amygdala on persistence of anxiety and depression in stressed male rats |
| topic | Anxiety Basolateral Amygdala Depression Nitric Oxide L-Arginine Stress |
| url | http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-15-10&slc_lang=en&sid=1 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT esmaeilnikkar effectofnitricoxideonbasolateralamygdalaonpersistenceofanxietyanddepressioninstressedmalerats AT hassanghoshooni effectofnitricoxideonbasolateralamygdalaonpersistenceofanxietyanddepressioninstressedmalerats AT mohammadmahdihadipour effectofnitricoxideonbasolateralamygdalaonpersistenceofanxietyanddepressioninstressedmalerats AT hedayatsahraei effectofnitricoxideonbasolateralamygdalaonpersistenceofanxietyanddepressioninstressedmalerats |