Characterization and Control of Hidden Micro-Oxygenation in the Winery: Wine Racking
Transferring wine is a common operation in most of the wineries in the world that depends mainly on the equipment and materials used. These contributions are widely unknown, and their knowledge is of vital importance to controlling the winemaking process. This work presents the results of characteri...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/2/386 |
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| author | Ignacio Nevares Ainara Fernández-Díaz Maria del Alamo-Sanza |
| author_facet | Ignacio Nevares Ainara Fernández-Díaz Maria del Alamo-Sanza |
| author_sort | Ignacio Nevares |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Transferring wine is a common operation in most of the wineries in the world that depends mainly on the equipment and materials used. These contributions are widely unknown, and their knowledge is of vital importance to controlling the winemaking process. This work presents the results of characterizing the oxygen supply due to the use of hoses of different materials (Butyl Rubber, IIR; Nitrile Butadiene Rubber, NBR; Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer rubber, EPDM; Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene, UHMW; Natural Rubber, NR), dimensions (DN32; DN50), connectors (DIN 11851, Tri-CLAMP) with gaskets of different materials (NBR; EPDM; Fluorocarbon, FKM/FPM; silicone rubber, Q/VMQ; Polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE). In addition, the use of different inert gases (N<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, Ar, N<sub>2</sub> + CO<sub>2</sub> and Ar + CO<sub>2</sub>) for air purging of hoses and tanks, as well as for ullage blanketing during tank-to-tank racking, and their economic impact were studied. The results indicated that the IIR hoses had the least amount of O<sub>2</sub> added to the liquid and that the Tri-clamp connectors were generally more airtight, with the FKM seals standing out. The most recommended inert gas was CO<sub>2</sub> when the type of wine allows it, N<sub>2</sub> being the most recommended in any case. When all these recommendations were used together the addition of O<sub>2</sub> during tank-to-tank racking was drastically reduced. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:51:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5c2c21eb12da4fa1a1ef54c537814491 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:51:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-5c2c21eb12da4fa1a1ef54c5378144912023-12-03T13:10:12ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582021-02-0110238610.3390/foods10020386Characterization and Control of Hidden Micro-Oxygenation in the Winery: Wine RackingIgnacio Nevares0Ainara Fernández-Díaz1Maria del Alamo-Sanza2Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, UVaMOX, Universidad de Valladolid, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, 34001 Palencia, SpainDepartment of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, UVaMOX, Universidad de Valladolid, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, 34001 Palencia, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, UVaMOX, Universidad de Valladolid, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, 34001 Palencia, SpainTransferring wine is a common operation in most of the wineries in the world that depends mainly on the equipment and materials used. These contributions are widely unknown, and their knowledge is of vital importance to controlling the winemaking process. This work presents the results of characterizing the oxygen supply due to the use of hoses of different materials (Butyl Rubber, IIR; Nitrile Butadiene Rubber, NBR; Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer rubber, EPDM; Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene, UHMW; Natural Rubber, NR), dimensions (DN32; DN50), connectors (DIN 11851, Tri-CLAMP) with gaskets of different materials (NBR; EPDM; Fluorocarbon, FKM/FPM; silicone rubber, Q/VMQ; Polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE). In addition, the use of different inert gases (N<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, Ar, N<sub>2</sub> + CO<sub>2</sub> and Ar + CO<sub>2</sub>) for air purging of hoses and tanks, as well as for ullage blanketing during tank-to-tank racking, and their economic impact were studied. The results indicated that the IIR hoses had the least amount of O<sub>2</sub> added to the liquid and that the Tri-clamp connectors were generally more airtight, with the FKM seals standing out. The most recommended inert gas was CO<sub>2</sub> when the type of wine allows it, N<sub>2</sub> being the most recommended in any case. When all these recommendations were used together the addition of O<sub>2</sub> during tank-to-tank racking was drastically reduced.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/2/386oxygenpurgingblanketingfree SO<sub>2</sub>rackinghose |
| spellingShingle | Ignacio Nevares Ainara Fernández-Díaz Maria del Alamo-Sanza Characterization and Control of Hidden Micro-Oxygenation in the Winery: Wine Racking Foods oxygen purging blanketing free SO<sub>2</sub> racking hose |
| title | Characterization and Control of Hidden Micro-Oxygenation in the Winery: Wine Racking |
| title_full | Characterization and Control of Hidden Micro-Oxygenation in the Winery: Wine Racking |
| title_fullStr | Characterization and Control of Hidden Micro-Oxygenation in the Winery: Wine Racking |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization and Control of Hidden Micro-Oxygenation in the Winery: Wine Racking |
| title_short | Characterization and Control of Hidden Micro-Oxygenation in the Winery: Wine Racking |
| title_sort | characterization and control of hidden micro oxygenation in the winery wine racking |
| topic | oxygen purging blanketing free SO<sub>2</sub> racking hose |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/2/386 |
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