Comparison of Experimentally Determined Two-Dimensional Strain Fields and Mapped Ultrasonic Data Processed by Coda Wave Interferometry
Due to the high sensitivity of coda waves to the smallest structural alterations such as strain, humidity or temperature changes, ultrasonic waves are a valid means to examine entire structures employing networks of ultrasonic transducers. In order to substantiate this ex ante assessment, the viabil...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/4023 |
| _version_ | 1797561874786549760 |
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| author | Felix Clauß Niklas Epple Mark Alexander Ahrens Ernst Niederleithinger Peter Mark |
| author_facet | Felix Clauß Niklas Epple Mark Alexander Ahrens Ernst Niederleithinger Peter Mark |
| author_sort | Felix Clauß |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Due to the high sensitivity of coda waves to the smallest structural alterations such as strain, humidity or temperature changes, ultrasonic waves are a valid means to examine entire structures employing networks of ultrasonic transducers. In order to substantiate this ex ante assessment, the viability of measuring ultrasonic waves as a valid point of reference and inference for structural changes is to be further scrutinized in this work. In order to investigate the influence of mechanical strain on ultrasonic signals, a four-point bending test was carried out on a reinforced concrete beam at Ruhr University Bochum. Thus, measurements collected from a network of selected transducer pairings arranged across the central, shear-free segment of the test specimen, were correlated to their respective strain fields. Detected ultrasonic signals were evaluated employing Coda Wave Interferometry. Such analysis comprised the initial non-cracked state as well as later stages with incremental crack depth and quantity. It was to ascertain that the test specimen can in fact be qualitatively compartmentalized into areas of compression and tension identified via Relative Velocity Changes presented in Attribute Maps. However, since results did not entail a zero crossing, i.e., neither positive nor negative values were to be calculated, only relative changes in this work displayed staggered over the height of the object under test, are discussed. Under the given methodological premises, additional information is currently required to make quantitative assertions regarding this correlation of ultrasonic and strain results. This holds true for the comparability of the ultrasonic and strain results for both non-cracked and even the cracked state. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:20:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5c2c352705e14247a725a7b11a5712e2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:20:46Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-5c2c352705e14247a725a7b11a5712e22023-11-20T07:19:15ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-07-012014402310.3390/s20144023Comparison of Experimentally Determined Two-Dimensional Strain Fields and Mapped Ultrasonic Data Processed by Coda Wave InterferometryFelix Clauß0Niklas Epple1Mark Alexander Ahrens2Ernst Niederleithinger3Peter Mark4Lehrstuhl für Massivbau, Fakultät für Bau- und Umweltingenieurwissenschaften, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, GermanyBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, GermanyLehrstuhl für Massivbau, Fakultät für Bau- und Umweltingenieurwissenschaften, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, GermanyBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, GermanyLehrstuhl für Massivbau, Fakultät für Bau- und Umweltingenieurwissenschaften, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, GermanyDue to the high sensitivity of coda waves to the smallest structural alterations such as strain, humidity or temperature changes, ultrasonic waves are a valid means to examine entire structures employing networks of ultrasonic transducers. In order to substantiate this ex ante assessment, the viability of measuring ultrasonic waves as a valid point of reference and inference for structural changes is to be further scrutinized in this work. In order to investigate the influence of mechanical strain on ultrasonic signals, a four-point bending test was carried out on a reinforced concrete beam at Ruhr University Bochum. Thus, measurements collected from a network of selected transducer pairings arranged across the central, shear-free segment of the test specimen, were correlated to their respective strain fields. Detected ultrasonic signals were evaluated employing Coda Wave Interferometry. Such analysis comprised the initial non-cracked state as well as later stages with incremental crack depth and quantity. It was to ascertain that the test specimen can in fact be qualitatively compartmentalized into areas of compression and tension identified via Relative Velocity Changes presented in Attribute Maps. However, since results did not entail a zero crossing, i.e., neither positive nor negative values were to be calculated, only relative changes in this work displayed staggered over the height of the object under test, are discussed. Under the given methodological premises, additional information is currently required to make quantitative assertions regarding this correlation of ultrasonic and strain results. This holds true for the comparability of the ultrasonic and strain results for both non-cracked and even the cracked state.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/4023digital image correlationfiber optic sensorsstressstrainCoda Wave Interferometryultrasound |
| spellingShingle | Felix Clauß Niklas Epple Mark Alexander Ahrens Ernst Niederleithinger Peter Mark Comparison of Experimentally Determined Two-Dimensional Strain Fields and Mapped Ultrasonic Data Processed by Coda Wave Interferometry Sensors digital image correlation fiber optic sensors stress strain Coda Wave Interferometry ultrasound |
| title | Comparison of Experimentally Determined Two-Dimensional Strain Fields and Mapped Ultrasonic Data Processed by Coda Wave Interferometry |
| title_full | Comparison of Experimentally Determined Two-Dimensional Strain Fields and Mapped Ultrasonic Data Processed by Coda Wave Interferometry |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Experimentally Determined Two-Dimensional Strain Fields and Mapped Ultrasonic Data Processed by Coda Wave Interferometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Experimentally Determined Two-Dimensional Strain Fields and Mapped Ultrasonic Data Processed by Coda Wave Interferometry |
| title_short | Comparison of Experimentally Determined Two-Dimensional Strain Fields and Mapped Ultrasonic Data Processed by Coda Wave Interferometry |
| title_sort | comparison of experimentally determined two dimensional strain fields and mapped ultrasonic data processed by coda wave interferometry |
| topic | digital image correlation fiber optic sensors stress strain Coda Wave Interferometry ultrasound |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/4023 |
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