Tetramethylbenzidine: An Acoustogenic Photoacoustic Probe for Reactive Oxygen Species Detection
Photoacoustic imaging is attracting a great deal of interest owing to its distinct advantages over other imaging techniques such as fluorescence or magnetic resonance image. The availability of photoacoustic probes for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) could shed light on a plethora of...
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/20/5952 |
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| author | Roger Bresolí-Obach Marcello Frattini Stefania Abbruzzetti Cristiano Viappiani Montserrat Agut Santi Nonell |
| author_facet | Roger Bresolí-Obach Marcello Frattini Stefania Abbruzzetti Cristiano Viappiani Montserrat Agut Santi Nonell |
| author_sort | Roger Bresolí-Obach |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Photoacoustic imaging is attracting a great deal of interest owing to its distinct advantages over other imaging techniques such as fluorescence or magnetic resonance image. The availability of photoacoustic probes for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) could shed light on a plethora of biological processes mediated by these key intermediates. Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is a non-toxic and non-mutagenic colorless dye that develops a distinctive blue color upon oxidation. In this work, we have investigated the potential of TMB as an acoustogenic photoacoustic probe for ROS/RNS. Our results indicate that TMB reacts with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce the blue oxidation product, while ROS, such as the superoxide radical anion, sodium peroxide, hydroxyl radical, or peroxynitrite, yield a colorless oxidation product. TMB does not penetrate the <i>Escherichia coli</i> cytoplasm but is capable of detecting singlet oxygen generated in its outer membrane. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:27:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5c2e50c36dbe4931896675b1b6bc5feb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:27:31Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-5c2e50c36dbe4931896675b1b6bc5feb2023-11-20T17:56:57ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-10-012020595210.3390/s20205952Tetramethylbenzidine: An Acoustogenic Photoacoustic Probe for Reactive Oxygen Species DetectionRoger Bresolí-Obach0Marcello Frattini1Stefania Abbruzzetti2Cristiano Viappiani3Montserrat Agut4Santi Nonell5Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, SpainInstitut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, SpainDipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, ItalyInstitut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, SpainInstitut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, SpainPhotoacoustic imaging is attracting a great deal of interest owing to its distinct advantages over other imaging techniques such as fluorescence or magnetic resonance image. The availability of photoacoustic probes for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) could shed light on a plethora of biological processes mediated by these key intermediates. Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is a non-toxic and non-mutagenic colorless dye that develops a distinctive blue color upon oxidation. In this work, we have investigated the potential of TMB as an acoustogenic photoacoustic probe for ROS/RNS. Our results indicate that TMB reacts with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce the blue oxidation product, while ROS, such as the superoxide radical anion, sodium peroxide, hydroxyl radical, or peroxynitrite, yield a colorless oxidation product. TMB does not penetrate the <i>Escherichia coli</i> cytoplasm but is capable of detecting singlet oxygen generated in its outer membrane.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/20/59523,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidinereactive oxygen species (ROS)reactive nitrogen species (RNS)photoacoustic probesoptical sensorssinglet oxygen |
| spellingShingle | Roger Bresolí-Obach Marcello Frattini Stefania Abbruzzetti Cristiano Viappiani Montserrat Agut Santi Nonell Tetramethylbenzidine: An Acoustogenic Photoacoustic Probe for Reactive Oxygen Species Detection Sensors 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine reactive oxygen species (ROS) reactive nitrogen species (RNS) photoacoustic probes optical sensors singlet oxygen |
| title | Tetramethylbenzidine: An Acoustogenic Photoacoustic Probe for Reactive Oxygen Species Detection |
| title_full | Tetramethylbenzidine: An Acoustogenic Photoacoustic Probe for Reactive Oxygen Species Detection |
| title_fullStr | Tetramethylbenzidine: An Acoustogenic Photoacoustic Probe for Reactive Oxygen Species Detection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tetramethylbenzidine: An Acoustogenic Photoacoustic Probe for Reactive Oxygen Species Detection |
| title_short | Tetramethylbenzidine: An Acoustogenic Photoacoustic Probe for Reactive Oxygen Species Detection |
| title_sort | tetramethylbenzidine an acoustogenic photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen species detection |
| topic | 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine reactive oxygen species (ROS) reactive nitrogen species (RNS) photoacoustic probes optical sensors singlet oxygen |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/20/5952 |
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