Subdistrict-Level Reproductive Number for Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle in Northern Thailand
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an important contagious transboundary disease that causes a significant economic loss for several countries. The FMD virus (FMDV) can spread very rapidly by direct and indirect transmission among susceptible animals. The complexity and magnitude of FMDV transmission a...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.757132/full |
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| author | Orapun Arjkumpa Catalina Picasso-Risso Andres Perez Veerasak Punyapornwithaya Veerasak Punyapornwithaya |
| author_facet | Orapun Arjkumpa Catalina Picasso-Risso Andres Perez Veerasak Punyapornwithaya Veerasak Punyapornwithaya |
| author_sort | Orapun Arjkumpa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an important contagious transboundary disease that causes a significant economic loss for several countries. The FMD virus (FMDV) can spread very rapidly by direct and indirect transmission among susceptible animals. The complexity and magnitude of FMDV transmission at the initial stages of the epidemic can be expressed by the basic reproductive number (R0), and furthermore, control strategies can be assessed by the estimation of the effective reproductive number. In this study, we aimed to describe FMD outbreaks among smallholder cattle farms by subdistricts in the northern Thailand and compute the effective reproductive number for outbreaks caused by FMDV serotype O and overall serotypes, including serotype O, serotype A, and unidentified serotype, at the subdistrict level (Rsd) using an epidemic doubling time method. Field data of FMD outbreaks during 2015–2017 that affected 94 subdistricts in northern Thailand were assessed to estimate the Rsd. Results showed that 63.38% (90/142) of the FMD outbreak episodes in cattle were caused by FMDV serotype O. The average doubling time and the Rsd estimated of the outbreaks caused by FMDV serotype O and overall serotype were 2.80 and 4.67 months, and 1.06 and 1.04, respectively. Our results indicated that transmission of FMD in cattle at the subdistrict level in northern Thailand was not controlled (Rsd > 1), which indicates the endemicity of the disease in the region. Although control measures are in place, the results from this study highlighted the need for enhancing FMD monitoring and control strategies in northern Thailand. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T03:01:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5c4f44ee657241b3bfaa902fd691e069 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T03:01:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-5c4f44ee657241b3bfaa902fd691e0692022-12-21T20:38:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692021-11-01810.3389/fvets.2021.757132757132Subdistrict-Level Reproductive Number for Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle in Northern ThailandOrapun Arjkumpa0Catalina Picasso-Risso1Andres Perez2Veerasak Punyapornwithaya3Veerasak Punyapornwithaya4Animal Health Section, The 4th Regional Livestock Office, Department of Livestock Development, Khon Kaen, ThailandDepartment of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United StatesDepartment of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United StatesFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Public Health Centre for the Asia Pacific, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Center of Excellence in Veterinary Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandFoot and mouth disease (FMD) is an important contagious transboundary disease that causes a significant economic loss for several countries. The FMD virus (FMDV) can spread very rapidly by direct and indirect transmission among susceptible animals. The complexity and magnitude of FMDV transmission at the initial stages of the epidemic can be expressed by the basic reproductive number (R0), and furthermore, control strategies can be assessed by the estimation of the effective reproductive number. In this study, we aimed to describe FMD outbreaks among smallholder cattle farms by subdistricts in the northern Thailand and compute the effective reproductive number for outbreaks caused by FMDV serotype O and overall serotypes, including serotype O, serotype A, and unidentified serotype, at the subdistrict level (Rsd) using an epidemic doubling time method. Field data of FMD outbreaks during 2015–2017 that affected 94 subdistricts in northern Thailand were assessed to estimate the Rsd. Results showed that 63.38% (90/142) of the FMD outbreak episodes in cattle were caused by FMDV serotype O. The average doubling time and the Rsd estimated of the outbreaks caused by FMDV serotype O and overall serotype were 2.80 and 4.67 months, and 1.06 and 1.04, respectively. Our results indicated that transmission of FMD in cattle at the subdistrict level in northern Thailand was not controlled (Rsd > 1), which indicates the endemicity of the disease in the region. Although control measures are in place, the results from this study highlighted the need for enhancing FMD monitoring and control strategies in northern Thailand.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.757132/fullsubdistrict reproductive numberfoot and mouth diseaseserotype Ocattlenorthern Thailand |
| spellingShingle | Orapun Arjkumpa Catalina Picasso-Risso Andres Perez Veerasak Punyapornwithaya Veerasak Punyapornwithaya Subdistrict-Level Reproductive Number for Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle in Northern Thailand Frontiers in Veterinary Science subdistrict reproductive number foot and mouth disease serotype O cattle northern Thailand |
| title | Subdistrict-Level Reproductive Number for Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle in Northern Thailand |
| title_full | Subdistrict-Level Reproductive Number for Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle in Northern Thailand |
| title_fullStr | Subdistrict-Level Reproductive Number for Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle in Northern Thailand |
| title_full_unstemmed | Subdistrict-Level Reproductive Number for Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle in Northern Thailand |
| title_short | Subdistrict-Level Reproductive Number for Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle in Northern Thailand |
| title_sort | subdistrict level reproductive number for foot and mouth disease in cattle in northern thailand |
| topic | subdistrict reproductive number foot and mouth disease serotype O cattle northern Thailand |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.757132/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT orapunarjkumpa subdistrictlevelreproductivenumberforfootandmouthdiseaseincattleinnorthernthailand AT catalinapicassorisso subdistrictlevelreproductivenumberforfootandmouthdiseaseincattleinnorthernthailand AT andresperez subdistrictlevelreproductivenumberforfootandmouthdiseaseincattleinnorthernthailand AT veerasakpunyapornwithaya subdistrictlevelreproductivenumberforfootandmouthdiseaseincattleinnorthernthailand AT veerasakpunyapornwithaya subdistrictlevelreproductivenumberforfootandmouthdiseaseincattleinnorthernthailand |