Rotavirus and bacterial diarrhoea among children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Burden, risk factors and seasonality.
<h4>Background</h4>Diarrhoea is a leading cause of death among under-five children globally, with sub-Saharan Africa alone accounting for 1/3 episodes yearly. Viruses, bacteria and parasites may cause diarrhoea. Rotavirus is the most common viral aetiology of diarrhoea in children less t...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291123 |
| _version_ | 1797682732211372032 |
|---|---|
| author | Temiloluwa Ifeoluwa Omotade Toluwani Ebun Babalola Chineme Henry Anyabolu Margaret Oluwatoyin Japhet |
| author_facet | Temiloluwa Ifeoluwa Omotade Toluwani Ebun Babalola Chineme Henry Anyabolu Margaret Oluwatoyin Japhet |
| author_sort | Temiloluwa Ifeoluwa Omotade |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Diarrhoea is a leading cause of death among under-five children globally, with sub-Saharan Africa alone accounting for 1/3 episodes yearly. Viruses, bacteria and parasites may cause diarrhoea. Rotavirus is the most common viral aetiology of diarrhoea in children less than five years globally. In Nigeria, there is scarce data on the prevalence/importance, burden, clinical/risk factors and seasonality of rotavirus and bacteria and this study aims to determine the role of rotavirus and bacteria on diarrhoea cases in children less than five years in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.<h4>Methods</h4>Socio-demographic data, environmental/risk factors and diarrhoiec stool samples were collected from children less than five years presenting with acute diarrhoea. Rotavirus was identified using ELISA. Bacteria pathogens were detected using cultural technique and typed using PCR. Diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC) isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Pathogen positive and negative samples were compared in terms of gender, age-group, seasonal distribution, and clinical/risk factors using chi-square with two-tailed significance. SPSS version 20.0.1 for Windows was used for statistical analysis.<h4>Results</h4>At least one pathogen was detected from 63 (60.6%) children having gastroenteritis while 28 (44.4%) had multiple infections. Rotavirus was the most detected pathogen. Prevalence of rotavirus mono-infection was 22%, multiple infection with bacteria was 45%. Mono-infection prevalence of DEC, Shigella spp., and Salmonella spp. were 5.8% (6/104), 5.8% (6/104), and 2.9% (3/104) and co-infection with RVA were 23.1% (24/104), 21.2% (22/104) and 10.6% (11/104) respectively. All rotaviral infections were observed in the dry season. The pathotypes of DEC detected were STEC and EAEC. Parent earnings and mid-upper arm circumference measurement have statistical correlation with diarrhoea (p = 0.034; 0.035 respectively).<h4>Conclusion</h4>In this study, rotavirus was more prevalent than bacteria and occurred only in the dry season. Among bacteria aetiologies, DEC was the most common detected. Differences in seasonal peaks of rotavirus and DEC could be employed in diarrhoea management in Nigeria and other tropical countries to ensure optimal limited resources usage in preventing diarrhoea transmission and reducing indiscriminate use of antibiotics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:05:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5c60ce9062434f53b312bf4bb7a501a4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:05:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-5c60ce9062434f53b312bf4bb7a501a42023-09-17T05:31:08ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032023-01-01189e029112310.1371/journal.pone.0291123Rotavirus and bacterial diarrhoea among children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Burden, risk factors and seasonality.Temiloluwa Ifeoluwa OmotadeToluwani Ebun BabalolaChineme Henry AnyaboluMargaret Oluwatoyin Japhet<h4>Background</h4>Diarrhoea is a leading cause of death among under-five children globally, with sub-Saharan Africa alone accounting for 1/3 episodes yearly. Viruses, bacteria and parasites may cause diarrhoea. Rotavirus is the most common viral aetiology of diarrhoea in children less than five years globally. In Nigeria, there is scarce data on the prevalence/importance, burden, clinical/risk factors and seasonality of rotavirus and bacteria and this study aims to determine the role of rotavirus and bacteria on diarrhoea cases in children less than five years in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.<h4>Methods</h4>Socio-demographic data, environmental/risk factors and diarrhoiec stool samples were collected from children less than five years presenting with acute diarrhoea. Rotavirus was identified using ELISA. Bacteria pathogens were detected using cultural technique and typed using PCR. Diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC) isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Pathogen positive and negative samples were compared in terms of gender, age-group, seasonal distribution, and clinical/risk factors using chi-square with two-tailed significance. SPSS version 20.0.1 for Windows was used for statistical analysis.<h4>Results</h4>At least one pathogen was detected from 63 (60.6%) children having gastroenteritis while 28 (44.4%) had multiple infections. Rotavirus was the most detected pathogen. Prevalence of rotavirus mono-infection was 22%, multiple infection with bacteria was 45%. Mono-infection prevalence of DEC, Shigella spp., and Salmonella spp. were 5.8% (6/104), 5.8% (6/104), and 2.9% (3/104) and co-infection with RVA were 23.1% (24/104), 21.2% (22/104) and 10.6% (11/104) respectively. All rotaviral infections were observed in the dry season. The pathotypes of DEC detected were STEC and EAEC. Parent earnings and mid-upper arm circumference measurement have statistical correlation with diarrhoea (p = 0.034; 0.035 respectively).<h4>Conclusion</h4>In this study, rotavirus was more prevalent than bacteria and occurred only in the dry season. Among bacteria aetiologies, DEC was the most common detected. Differences in seasonal peaks of rotavirus and DEC could be employed in diarrhoea management in Nigeria and other tropical countries to ensure optimal limited resources usage in preventing diarrhoea transmission and reducing indiscriminate use of antibiotics.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291123 |
| spellingShingle | Temiloluwa Ifeoluwa Omotade Toluwani Ebun Babalola Chineme Henry Anyabolu Margaret Oluwatoyin Japhet Rotavirus and bacterial diarrhoea among children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Burden, risk factors and seasonality. PLoS ONE |
| title | Rotavirus and bacterial diarrhoea among children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Burden, risk factors and seasonality. |
| title_full | Rotavirus and bacterial diarrhoea among children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Burden, risk factors and seasonality. |
| title_fullStr | Rotavirus and bacterial diarrhoea among children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Burden, risk factors and seasonality. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rotavirus and bacterial diarrhoea among children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Burden, risk factors and seasonality. |
| title_short | Rotavirus and bacterial diarrhoea among children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Burden, risk factors and seasonality. |
| title_sort | rotavirus and bacterial diarrhoea among children in ile ife nigeria burden risk factors and seasonality |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291123 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT temiloluwaifeoluwaomotade rotavirusandbacterialdiarrhoeaamongchildreninileifenigeriaburdenriskfactorsandseasonality AT toluwaniebunbabalola rotavirusandbacterialdiarrhoeaamongchildreninileifenigeriaburdenriskfactorsandseasonality AT chinemehenryanyabolu rotavirusandbacterialdiarrhoeaamongchildreninileifenigeriaburdenriskfactorsandseasonality AT margaretoluwatoyinjaphet rotavirusandbacterialdiarrhoeaamongchildreninileifenigeriaburdenriskfactorsandseasonality |