Edible Halophytes with Functional Properties: In Vitro Protein Digestibility and Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Absorption of Minerals and Trace Elements from Australian Indigenous Halophytes
Halophytes are considered emerging functional foods as they are high in protein, minerals, and trace elements, although studies investigating halophyte digestibility, bioaccessibility, and intestinal absorption are limited. Therefore, this study investigated the in vitro protein digestibility, bioac...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/10/4004 |
| _version_ | 1797598914408349696 |
|---|---|
| author | Sukirtha Srivarathan Rama Addepalli Oladipupo Qudus Adiamo Gethmini Kavindya Kodagoda Anh Dao Thi Phan Olivia Renee Louise Wright Yasmina Sultanbawa Simone Osborne Michael Erich Netzel |
| author_facet | Sukirtha Srivarathan Rama Addepalli Oladipupo Qudus Adiamo Gethmini Kavindya Kodagoda Anh Dao Thi Phan Olivia Renee Louise Wright Yasmina Sultanbawa Simone Osborne Michael Erich Netzel |
| author_sort | Sukirtha Srivarathan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Halophytes are considered emerging functional foods as they are high in protein, minerals, and trace elements, although studies investigating halophyte digestibility, bioaccessibility, and intestinal absorption are limited. Therefore, this study investigated the in vitro protein digestibility, bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption of minerals and trace elements in saltbush and samphire, two important Australian indigenous halophytes. The total amino acid contents of samphire and saltbush were 42.5 and 87.3 mg/g DW, and even though saltbush had a higher total protein content overall, the in vitro digestibility of samphire protein was higher than the saltbush protein. The in vitro bioaccessibility of Mg, Fe, and Zn was higher in freeze-dried halophyte powder compared to the halophyte test food, suggesting that the food matrix has a significant impact on mineral and trace element bioaccessibility. However, the samphire test food digesta had the highest intestinal Fe absorption rate, whereas the saltbush digesta exhibited the lowest (37.7 vs. 8.9 ng/mL ferritin). The present study provides crucial data about the digestive “fate” of halophyte protein, minerals, and trace elements and increases the understanding of these underutilized indigenous edible plants as future functional foods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:27:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5c62675a271f4ede942c134b423754a4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:27:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-5c62675a271f4ede942c134b423754a42023-11-18T02:37:52ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-05-012810400410.3390/molecules28104004Edible Halophytes with Functional Properties: In Vitro Protein Digestibility and Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Absorption of Minerals and Trace Elements from Australian Indigenous HalophytesSukirtha Srivarathan0Rama Addepalli1Oladipupo Qudus Adiamo2Gethmini Kavindya Kodagoda3Anh Dao Thi Phan4Olivia Renee Louise Wright5Yasmina Sultanbawa6Simone Osborne7Michael Erich Netzel8ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, AustraliaCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD 4067, AustraliaARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, AustraliaARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, AustraliaARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, AustraliaARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, AustraliaARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, AustraliaCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD 4067, AustraliaARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, AustraliaHalophytes are considered emerging functional foods as they are high in protein, minerals, and trace elements, although studies investigating halophyte digestibility, bioaccessibility, and intestinal absorption are limited. Therefore, this study investigated the in vitro protein digestibility, bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption of minerals and trace elements in saltbush and samphire, two important Australian indigenous halophytes. The total amino acid contents of samphire and saltbush were 42.5 and 87.3 mg/g DW, and even though saltbush had a higher total protein content overall, the in vitro digestibility of samphire protein was higher than the saltbush protein. The in vitro bioaccessibility of Mg, Fe, and Zn was higher in freeze-dried halophyte powder compared to the halophyte test food, suggesting that the food matrix has a significant impact on mineral and trace element bioaccessibility. However, the samphire test food digesta had the highest intestinal Fe absorption rate, whereas the saltbush digesta exhibited the lowest (37.7 vs. 8.9 ng/mL ferritin). The present study provides crucial data about the digestive “fate” of halophyte protein, minerals, and trace elements and increases the understanding of these underutilized indigenous edible plants as future functional foods.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/10/4004halophytessaltbushsamphireproteinmineralstrace elements |
| spellingShingle | Sukirtha Srivarathan Rama Addepalli Oladipupo Qudus Adiamo Gethmini Kavindya Kodagoda Anh Dao Thi Phan Olivia Renee Louise Wright Yasmina Sultanbawa Simone Osborne Michael Erich Netzel Edible Halophytes with Functional Properties: In Vitro Protein Digestibility and Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Absorption of Minerals and Trace Elements from Australian Indigenous Halophytes Molecules halophytes saltbush samphire protein minerals trace elements |
| title | Edible Halophytes with Functional Properties: In Vitro Protein Digestibility and Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Absorption of Minerals and Trace Elements from Australian Indigenous Halophytes |
| title_full | Edible Halophytes with Functional Properties: In Vitro Protein Digestibility and Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Absorption of Minerals and Trace Elements from Australian Indigenous Halophytes |
| title_fullStr | Edible Halophytes with Functional Properties: In Vitro Protein Digestibility and Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Absorption of Minerals and Trace Elements from Australian Indigenous Halophytes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Edible Halophytes with Functional Properties: In Vitro Protein Digestibility and Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Absorption of Minerals and Trace Elements from Australian Indigenous Halophytes |
| title_short | Edible Halophytes with Functional Properties: In Vitro Protein Digestibility and Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Absorption of Minerals and Trace Elements from Australian Indigenous Halophytes |
| title_sort | edible halophytes with functional properties in vitro protein digestibility and bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption of minerals and trace elements from australian indigenous halophytes |
| topic | halophytes saltbush samphire protein minerals trace elements |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/10/4004 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sukirthasrivarathan ediblehalophyteswithfunctionalpropertiesinvitroproteindigestibilityandbioaccessibilityandintestinalabsorptionofmineralsandtraceelementsfromaustralianindigenoushalophytes AT ramaaddepalli ediblehalophyteswithfunctionalpropertiesinvitroproteindigestibilityandbioaccessibilityandintestinalabsorptionofmineralsandtraceelementsfromaustralianindigenoushalophytes AT oladipupoqudusadiamo ediblehalophyteswithfunctionalpropertiesinvitroproteindigestibilityandbioaccessibilityandintestinalabsorptionofmineralsandtraceelementsfromaustralianindigenoushalophytes AT gethminikavindyakodagoda ediblehalophyteswithfunctionalpropertiesinvitroproteindigestibilityandbioaccessibilityandintestinalabsorptionofmineralsandtraceelementsfromaustralianindigenoushalophytes AT anhdaothiphan ediblehalophyteswithfunctionalpropertiesinvitroproteindigestibilityandbioaccessibilityandintestinalabsorptionofmineralsandtraceelementsfromaustralianindigenoushalophytes AT oliviareneelouisewright ediblehalophyteswithfunctionalpropertiesinvitroproteindigestibilityandbioaccessibilityandintestinalabsorptionofmineralsandtraceelementsfromaustralianindigenoushalophytes AT yasminasultanbawa ediblehalophyteswithfunctionalpropertiesinvitroproteindigestibilityandbioaccessibilityandintestinalabsorptionofmineralsandtraceelementsfromaustralianindigenoushalophytes AT simoneosborne ediblehalophyteswithfunctionalpropertiesinvitroproteindigestibilityandbioaccessibilityandintestinalabsorptionofmineralsandtraceelementsfromaustralianindigenoushalophytes AT michaelerichnetzel ediblehalophyteswithfunctionalpropertiesinvitroproteindigestibilityandbioaccessibilityandintestinalabsorptionofmineralsandtraceelementsfromaustralianindigenoushalophytes |