Lifestyle patterns, nutritional, and metabolic syndrome determinants in a sample of the older Iranian population
Abstract Background Chronic diseases and metabolic disorders are prevalent health concerns that often escalate with increasing age and thus affect older individuals. The proportion of the elderly population in Iran increased from 7.22% in 2006 to 12.0% in 2023. The current study aimed to evaluate li...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Geriatrics |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-04659-1 |
| _version_ | 1827381997903806464 |
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| author | Ali Dehghani Ahmadabad Leila Jahangiry Neda Gilani Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi Eesa Mohammadi Koen Ponnet |
| author_facet | Ali Dehghani Ahmadabad Leila Jahangiry Neda Gilani Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi Eesa Mohammadi Koen Ponnet |
| author_sort | Ali Dehghani Ahmadabad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Chronic diseases and metabolic disorders are prevalent health concerns that often escalate with increasing age and thus affect older individuals. The proportion of the elderly population in Iran increased from 7.22% in 2006 to 12.0% in 2023. The current study aimed to evaluate lifestyle patterns and lifestyle risk factors among patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) based on dietary, physical activity, and smoking, as well as MetS components. Methods This cross-sectional study included 582 older people with MetS living in Yazd, Iran. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to determine the lifestyle behaviors of diet patterns, smoking, and physical activity. Dietary intake was measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis (PCA). Clinical measurements of MetS components were examined using relevant guidelines. Results The mean age of the participants was 72.71 years (SD = 5.57). Using PCA, two dietary patterns were identified: traditional patterns (e.g., fruits, fish, poultry, vegetables, meats, salt, and sugar sweetened beverages) and high-fat patterns (e.g., high-fat dairy). Applying LCA identified two classes of lifestyle patterns. About 35% (n = 204) of the participants were categorized in a low-risk class (I) and characterized by physical activity (0.93%, n = 190), a traditional pattern for diet (61%, n = 122), and zero probability of smoking. About 65% (n = 378) of the patients were categorized in high-risk class (II) and characterized by low physical activity levels (69%, n = 261), cigarette smoking (71.6%, n = 271), and a high-fat dietary pattern (56.9%, n = 215). Conclusion The results of our study indicated two distinct classes within the patients. In class I, aging patients with MetS exhibited characteristics such as engagement in physical activity and having a traditional pattern for diet. Class II, with a higher prevalence of lifestyle risk factors, included individuals who engaged in cigarette smoking, displayed low physical activity (69%), and having a high-fat diet. The combination of these lifestyle factors exposed them to a heightened risk of developing MetS. The findings could guide healthcare professionals to be aware of the associations between different lifestyle risk factors and to focus on multiple behaviors at the same time. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:12:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5c6bff9658d349369dab56adaccc2a29 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2318 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:12:07Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Geriatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-5c6bff9658d349369dab56adaccc2a292024-01-14T12:35:33ZengBMCBMC Geriatrics1471-23182024-01-0124111110.1186/s12877-024-04659-1Lifestyle patterns, nutritional, and metabolic syndrome determinants in a sample of the older Iranian populationAli Dehghani Ahmadabad0Leila Jahangiry1Neda Gilani2Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi3Eesa Mohammadi4Koen Ponnet5Department of Geriatric Health, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Health education and promotion, Faculty of health, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesDrug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesNursing Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares UniversityFaculty of Social Sciences, Imec-Mict-Ghent UniversityAbstract Background Chronic diseases and metabolic disorders are prevalent health concerns that often escalate with increasing age and thus affect older individuals. The proportion of the elderly population in Iran increased from 7.22% in 2006 to 12.0% in 2023. The current study aimed to evaluate lifestyle patterns and lifestyle risk factors among patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) based on dietary, physical activity, and smoking, as well as MetS components. Methods This cross-sectional study included 582 older people with MetS living in Yazd, Iran. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to determine the lifestyle behaviors of diet patterns, smoking, and physical activity. Dietary intake was measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis (PCA). Clinical measurements of MetS components were examined using relevant guidelines. Results The mean age of the participants was 72.71 years (SD = 5.57). Using PCA, two dietary patterns were identified: traditional patterns (e.g., fruits, fish, poultry, vegetables, meats, salt, and sugar sweetened beverages) and high-fat patterns (e.g., high-fat dairy). Applying LCA identified two classes of lifestyle patterns. About 35% (n = 204) of the participants were categorized in a low-risk class (I) and characterized by physical activity (0.93%, n = 190), a traditional pattern for diet (61%, n = 122), and zero probability of smoking. About 65% (n = 378) of the patients were categorized in high-risk class (II) and characterized by low physical activity levels (69%, n = 261), cigarette smoking (71.6%, n = 271), and a high-fat dietary pattern (56.9%, n = 215). Conclusion The results of our study indicated two distinct classes within the patients. In class I, aging patients with MetS exhibited characteristics such as engagement in physical activity and having a traditional pattern for diet. Class II, with a higher prevalence of lifestyle risk factors, included individuals who engaged in cigarette smoking, displayed low physical activity (69%), and having a high-fat diet. The combination of these lifestyle factors exposed them to a heightened risk of developing MetS. The findings could guide healthcare professionals to be aware of the associations between different lifestyle risk factors and to focus on multiple behaviors at the same time.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-04659-1Metabolic syndromeLifestyleOlder adultsFactor analysis |
| spellingShingle | Ali Dehghani Ahmadabad Leila Jahangiry Neda Gilani Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi Eesa Mohammadi Koen Ponnet Lifestyle patterns, nutritional, and metabolic syndrome determinants in a sample of the older Iranian population BMC Geriatrics Metabolic syndrome Lifestyle Older adults Factor analysis |
| title | Lifestyle patterns, nutritional, and metabolic syndrome determinants in a sample of the older Iranian population |
| title_full | Lifestyle patterns, nutritional, and metabolic syndrome determinants in a sample of the older Iranian population |
| title_fullStr | Lifestyle patterns, nutritional, and metabolic syndrome determinants in a sample of the older Iranian population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lifestyle patterns, nutritional, and metabolic syndrome determinants in a sample of the older Iranian population |
| title_short | Lifestyle patterns, nutritional, and metabolic syndrome determinants in a sample of the older Iranian population |
| title_sort | lifestyle patterns nutritional and metabolic syndrome determinants in a sample of the older iranian population |
| topic | Metabolic syndrome Lifestyle Older adults Factor analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-04659-1 |
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