Dawn to Dusk: Diurnal Rhythm of the Immune Response in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus Mykiss</i>)
The daily change of light and dark periods influences different physiological processes including feeding, resting and locomotor activity. Previously, several studies on mammalian models revealed a strong link between day-night rhythms and key immunological parameters. Since teleost fishes possess i...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-12-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/9/1/8 |
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| author | Ruth Montero Joanna Ewa Strzelczyk Justin Tze Ho Chan Marieke Verleih Alexander Rebl Tom Goldammer Bernd Köllner Tomáš Korytář |
| author_facet | Ruth Montero Joanna Ewa Strzelczyk Justin Tze Ho Chan Marieke Verleih Alexander Rebl Tom Goldammer Bernd Köllner Tomáš Korytář |
| author_sort | Ruth Montero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The daily change of light and dark periods influences different physiological processes including feeding, resting and locomotor activity. Previously, several studies on mammalian models revealed a strong link between day-night rhythms and key immunological parameters. Since teleost fishes possess innate and adaptive immune responses like those observed in higher vertebrates, we aimed to elucidate how changes in light-dark cycles shape the immune system of fish. Using the rainbow trout laboratory model, we investigated the link between diurnal rhythms and immune competence of fish. Initially, the cell composition and phagocytic activity of leukocytes was analyzed in the circulation as well as in the head kidney, the functional ortholog of mammalian bone marrow. Once the baseline was established, we evaluated the ability of fish to respond to a bacterial stimulus, as well as the changes in antimicrobial activity of the serum. Our results suggest increased immune competence during the day, manifested by the higher presence of myeloid cells in the circulation; increased overall phagocytic activity; and higher capacity of the sera to inhibit the growth of <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i>. Notably, our flow cytometric analysis identified the myeloid cells as the major population influenced by the time of day, whereas IgM<sup>+</sup> B cells and thrombocytes did not vary in a significant manner. Interestingly, the presence of myeloid cells in blood and head kidney followed complementary trends. Thus, while we observed the highest number of myeloid cells in the blood during early morning, we witnessed a reverse trend in the head kidney, suggesting a homing of myeloid cells to reservoir niches with the onset of the dark phase. Further, the presence of myeloid cells was mirrored in the expression of the proinflammatory marker <i>tnfa</i> as well as in the number of leukocytes recruited to the peritoneal cavity in the peritonitis model of inflammation. Overall, the data suggest a connection between diurnal rhythms and the immune response of rainbow trout and highlight the relevance of rhythmicity and its influence on experimental work in the field of fish chronoimmunology. |
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| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T18:23:04Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-5c6daa725c404ac4a5802f133290a28b2023-08-02T08:40:44ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372019-12-0191810.3390/biology9010008biology9010008Dawn to Dusk: Diurnal Rhythm of the Immune Response in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus Mykiss</i>)Ruth Montero0Joanna Ewa Strzelczyk1Justin Tze Ho Chan2Marieke Verleih3Alexander Rebl4Tom Goldammer5Bernd Köllner6Tomáš Korytář7Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Immunology, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Immunology, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyInstitute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37001 České Budějovice, Czech RepublicLeibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Immunology, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyInstitute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37001 České Budějovice, Czech RepublicThe daily change of light and dark periods influences different physiological processes including feeding, resting and locomotor activity. Previously, several studies on mammalian models revealed a strong link between day-night rhythms and key immunological parameters. Since teleost fishes possess innate and adaptive immune responses like those observed in higher vertebrates, we aimed to elucidate how changes in light-dark cycles shape the immune system of fish. Using the rainbow trout laboratory model, we investigated the link between diurnal rhythms and immune competence of fish. Initially, the cell composition and phagocytic activity of leukocytes was analyzed in the circulation as well as in the head kidney, the functional ortholog of mammalian bone marrow. Once the baseline was established, we evaluated the ability of fish to respond to a bacterial stimulus, as well as the changes in antimicrobial activity of the serum. Our results suggest increased immune competence during the day, manifested by the higher presence of myeloid cells in the circulation; increased overall phagocytic activity; and higher capacity of the sera to inhibit the growth of <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i>. Notably, our flow cytometric analysis identified the myeloid cells as the major population influenced by the time of day, whereas IgM<sup>+</sup> B cells and thrombocytes did not vary in a significant manner. Interestingly, the presence of myeloid cells in blood and head kidney followed complementary trends. Thus, while we observed the highest number of myeloid cells in the blood during early morning, we witnessed a reverse trend in the head kidney, suggesting a homing of myeloid cells to reservoir niches with the onset of the dark phase. Further, the presence of myeloid cells was mirrored in the expression of the proinflammatory marker <i>tnfa</i> as well as in the number of leukocytes recruited to the peritoneal cavity in the peritonitis model of inflammation. Overall, the data suggest a connection between diurnal rhythms and the immune response of rainbow trout and highlight the relevance of rhythmicity and its influence on experimental work in the field of fish chronoimmunology.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/9/1/8diurnal rhythmblood compositionmyeloid cellsphagocytic cellschronoimmunology |
| spellingShingle | Ruth Montero Joanna Ewa Strzelczyk Justin Tze Ho Chan Marieke Verleih Alexander Rebl Tom Goldammer Bernd Köllner Tomáš Korytář Dawn to Dusk: Diurnal Rhythm of the Immune Response in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus Mykiss</i>) Biology diurnal rhythm blood composition myeloid cells phagocytic cells chronoimmunology |
| title | Dawn to Dusk: Diurnal Rhythm of the Immune Response in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus Mykiss</i>) |
| title_full | Dawn to Dusk: Diurnal Rhythm of the Immune Response in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus Mykiss</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Dawn to Dusk: Diurnal Rhythm of the Immune Response in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus Mykiss</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dawn to Dusk: Diurnal Rhythm of the Immune Response in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus Mykiss</i>) |
| title_short | Dawn to Dusk: Diurnal Rhythm of the Immune Response in Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus Mykiss</i>) |
| title_sort | dawn to dusk diurnal rhythm of the immune response in rainbow trout i oncorhynchus mykiss i |
| topic | diurnal rhythm blood composition myeloid cells phagocytic cells chronoimmunology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/9/1/8 |
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