Function and Regulation of ALDH1A1-Positive Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons in Motor Control and Parkinson’s Disease
Dopamine is an important chemical messenger in the brain, which modulates movement, reward, motivation, and memory. Different populations of neurons can produce and release dopamine in the brain and regulate different behaviors. Here we focus our discussion on a small but distinct group of dopamine-...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2021.644776/full |
| _version_ | 1818729416542388224 |
|---|---|
| author | Kathleen Carmichael Kathleen Carmichael Rebekah C. Evans Rebekah C. Evans Elena Lopez Lixin Sun Mantosh Kumar Jinhui Ding Zayd M. Khaliq Huaibin Cai |
| author_facet | Kathleen Carmichael Kathleen Carmichael Rebekah C. Evans Rebekah C. Evans Elena Lopez Lixin Sun Mantosh Kumar Jinhui Ding Zayd M. Khaliq Huaibin Cai |
| author_sort | Kathleen Carmichael |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dopamine is an important chemical messenger in the brain, which modulates movement, reward, motivation, and memory. Different populations of neurons can produce and release dopamine in the brain and regulate different behaviors. Here we focus our discussion on a small but distinct group of dopamine-producing neurons, which display the most profound loss in the ventral substantia nigra pas compacta of patients with Parkinson’s disease. This group of dopaminergic neurons can be readily identified by a selective expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) and accounts for 70% of total nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in both human and mouse brains. Recently, we presented the first whole-brain circuit map of these ALDH1A1-positive dopaminergic neurons and reveal an essential physiological function of these neurons in regulating the vigor of movement during the acquisition of motor skills. In this review, we first summarize previous findings of ALDH1A1-positive nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and their connectivity and functionality, and then provide perspectives on how the activity of ALDH1A1-positive nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons is regulated through integrating diverse presynaptic inputs and its implications for potential Parkinson’s disease treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T22:45:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5c7a63cf953c42c69167502c8cc9e988 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5110 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T22:45:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
| spelling | doaj.art-5c7a63cf953c42c69167502c8cc9e9882022-12-21T21:29:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neural Circuits1662-51102021-05-011510.3389/fncir.2021.644776644776Function and Regulation of ALDH1A1-Positive Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons in Motor Control and Parkinson’s DiseaseKathleen Carmichael0Kathleen Carmichael1Rebekah C. Evans2Rebekah C. Evans3Elena Lopez4Lixin Sun5Mantosh Kumar6Jinhui Ding7Zayd M. Khaliq8Huaibin Cai9Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United StatesThe Graduate Partnership Program of NIH and Brown University, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United StatesDepartment of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United StatesCellular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United StatesTransgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United StatesTransgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United StatesTransgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United StatesComputational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United StatesCellular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United StatesTransgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United StatesDopamine is an important chemical messenger in the brain, which modulates movement, reward, motivation, and memory. Different populations of neurons can produce and release dopamine in the brain and regulate different behaviors. Here we focus our discussion on a small but distinct group of dopamine-producing neurons, which display the most profound loss in the ventral substantia nigra pas compacta of patients with Parkinson’s disease. This group of dopaminergic neurons can be readily identified by a selective expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) and accounts for 70% of total nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in both human and mouse brains. Recently, we presented the first whole-brain circuit map of these ALDH1A1-positive dopaminergic neurons and reveal an essential physiological function of these neurons in regulating the vigor of movement during the acquisition of motor skills. In this review, we first summarize previous findings of ALDH1A1-positive nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and their connectivity and functionality, and then provide perspectives on how the activity of ALDH1A1-positive nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons is regulated through integrating diverse presynaptic inputs and its implications for potential Parkinson’s disease treatment.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2021.644776/fullALDH1A1dopamineParkinson’s diseaseconnectivitymotor learningsubstantia nigra |
| spellingShingle | Kathleen Carmichael Kathleen Carmichael Rebekah C. Evans Rebekah C. Evans Elena Lopez Lixin Sun Mantosh Kumar Jinhui Ding Zayd M. Khaliq Huaibin Cai Function and Regulation of ALDH1A1-Positive Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons in Motor Control and Parkinson’s Disease Frontiers in Neural Circuits ALDH1A1 dopamine Parkinson’s disease connectivity motor learning substantia nigra |
| title | Function and Regulation of ALDH1A1-Positive Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons in Motor Control and Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full | Function and Regulation of ALDH1A1-Positive Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons in Motor Control and Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_fullStr | Function and Regulation of ALDH1A1-Positive Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons in Motor Control and Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Function and Regulation of ALDH1A1-Positive Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons in Motor Control and Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_short | Function and Regulation of ALDH1A1-Positive Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons in Motor Control and Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_sort | function and regulation of aldh1a1 positive nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in motor control and parkinson s disease |
| topic | ALDH1A1 dopamine Parkinson’s disease connectivity motor learning substantia nigra |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2021.644776/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kathleencarmichael functionandregulationofaldh1a1positivenigrostriataldopaminergicneuronsinmotorcontrolandparkinsonsdisease AT kathleencarmichael functionandregulationofaldh1a1positivenigrostriataldopaminergicneuronsinmotorcontrolandparkinsonsdisease AT rebekahcevans functionandregulationofaldh1a1positivenigrostriataldopaminergicneuronsinmotorcontrolandparkinsonsdisease AT rebekahcevans functionandregulationofaldh1a1positivenigrostriataldopaminergicneuronsinmotorcontrolandparkinsonsdisease AT elenalopez functionandregulationofaldh1a1positivenigrostriataldopaminergicneuronsinmotorcontrolandparkinsonsdisease AT lixinsun functionandregulationofaldh1a1positivenigrostriataldopaminergicneuronsinmotorcontrolandparkinsonsdisease AT mantoshkumar functionandregulationofaldh1a1positivenigrostriataldopaminergicneuronsinmotorcontrolandparkinsonsdisease AT jinhuiding functionandregulationofaldh1a1positivenigrostriataldopaminergicneuronsinmotorcontrolandparkinsonsdisease AT zaydmkhaliq functionandregulationofaldh1a1positivenigrostriataldopaminergicneuronsinmotorcontrolandparkinsonsdisease AT huaibincai functionandregulationofaldh1a1positivenigrostriataldopaminergicneuronsinmotorcontrolandparkinsonsdisease |