Minoxidil: a comprehensive review
Topical minoxidil (5% foam, 5% solution, and 2% solution) is FDA-approved for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in men and women. Mechanism of action: Minoxidil acts through multiple pathways (vasodilator, anti-inflammatory agent, inducer of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, an antiandrogen), and may a...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Dermatological Treatment |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2021.1945527 |
| _version_ | 1797683468522487808 |
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| author | A. K. Gupta M. Talukder M. Venkataraman M. A. Bamimore |
| author_facet | A. K. Gupta M. Talukder M. Venkataraman M. A. Bamimore |
| author_sort | A. K. Gupta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Topical minoxidil (5% foam, 5% solution, and 2% solution) is FDA-approved for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in men and women. Mechanism of action: Minoxidil acts through multiple pathways (vasodilator, anti-inflammatory agent, inducer of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, an antiandrogen), and may also affect the length of the anagen and telogen phases. Pharmacokinetics: Approximately 1.4% of topical minoxidil is absorbed through the skin. Minoxidil is a prodrug that is metabolized by follicular sulfotransferase to minoxidil sulfate (active form). Those with higher sulfotransferase activity may respond better than patients with lower sulfotransferase activity. Clinical efficacy (topical minoxidil): In a five-year study, 2% minoxidil exhibited peak hair growth in males at year one with a decline in subsequent years. Topical minoxidil causes hair regrowth in both frontotemporal and vertex areas. The 5% solution and foam were not significantly different in efficacy from the 2% solution. Oral and Sublingual minoxidil (not FDA approved; off-label): After 6 months of administration, minoxidil 5 mg/day was significantly more effective than topical 5% and 2% in male AGA. Low-dose 0.5–5 mg/day may also be safe and effective for female pattern hair loss and chronic telogen effluvium. Sublingual minoxidil may be safe and effective in male and female pattern hair loss. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:15:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5c7e870095fa4039b08bec29e10aa75e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0954-6634 1471-1753 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:15:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Dermatological Treatment |
| spelling | doaj.art-5c7e870095fa4039b08bec29e10aa75e2023-09-15T14:28:51ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of Dermatological Treatment0954-66341471-17532022-05-013341896190610.1080/09546634.2021.19455271945527Minoxidil: a comprehensive reviewA. K. Gupta0M. Talukder1M. Venkataraman2M. A. Bamimore3Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of TorontoMediprobe Research IncMediprobe Research IncMediprobe Research IncTopical minoxidil (5% foam, 5% solution, and 2% solution) is FDA-approved for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in men and women. Mechanism of action: Minoxidil acts through multiple pathways (vasodilator, anti-inflammatory agent, inducer of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, an antiandrogen), and may also affect the length of the anagen and telogen phases. Pharmacokinetics: Approximately 1.4% of topical minoxidil is absorbed through the skin. Minoxidil is a prodrug that is metabolized by follicular sulfotransferase to minoxidil sulfate (active form). Those with higher sulfotransferase activity may respond better than patients with lower sulfotransferase activity. Clinical efficacy (topical minoxidil): In a five-year study, 2% minoxidil exhibited peak hair growth in males at year one with a decline in subsequent years. Topical minoxidil causes hair regrowth in both frontotemporal and vertex areas. The 5% solution and foam were not significantly different in efficacy from the 2% solution. Oral and Sublingual minoxidil (not FDA approved; off-label): After 6 months of administration, minoxidil 5 mg/day was significantly more effective than topical 5% and 2% in male AGA. Low-dose 0.5–5 mg/day may also be safe and effective for female pattern hair loss and chronic telogen effluvium. Sublingual minoxidil may be safe and effective in male and female pattern hair loss.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2021.1945527hair lossandrogenetic alopeciaagaminoxidiltopicaloralsublingualrogaine |
| spellingShingle | A. K. Gupta M. Talukder M. Venkataraman M. A. Bamimore Minoxidil: a comprehensive review Journal of Dermatological Treatment hair loss androgenetic alopecia aga minoxidil topical oral sublingual rogaine |
| title | Minoxidil: a comprehensive review |
| title_full | Minoxidil: a comprehensive review |
| title_fullStr | Minoxidil: a comprehensive review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Minoxidil: a comprehensive review |
| title_short | Minoxidil: a comprehensive review |
| title_sort | minoxidil a comprehensive review |
| topic | hair loss androgenetic alopecia aga minoxidil topical oral sublingual rogaine |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2021.1945527 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT akgupta minoxidilacomprehensivereview AT mtalukder minoxidilacomprehensivereview AT mvenkataraman minoxidilacomprehensivereview AT mabamimore minoxidilacomprehensivereview |