Evaluation of Four Types of Kilns Used to Produce Charcoal from Several Tree Species in Mexico
Charcoal production is an activity that dates back over the years. The objective of the study was to determine the temperature and heating ramp in industrial carbonization processes using different kiln types and to quantify its impact on yield and quality of charcoal from different firewood species...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/1/333 |
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| author | Juan García-Quezada Ricardo Musule-Lagunes José Angel Prieto-Ruíz Daniel José Vega-Nieva Artemio Carrillo-Parra |
| author_facet | Juan García-Quezada Ricardo Musule-Lagunes José Angel Prieto-Ruíz Daniel José Vega-Nieva Artemio Carrillo-Parra |
| author_sort | Juan García-Quezada |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Charcoal production is an activity that dates back over the years. The objective of the study was to determine the temperature and heating ramp in industrial carbonization processes using different kiln types and to quantify its impact on yield and quality of charcoal from different firewood species. The selection of sites, kiln types, and species investigated was based on those with highest production in Mexico. Brazilian beehive kilns using <i>Arbutus xalapensis</i>, <i>Quercus durifolia</i>, and <i>Quercus sideroxyla</i> species were analyzed; modified Brazilian beehive kilns with <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> and <i>Tamarindus indica</i>; Argentine half-orange kilns with <i>Quercus magnoliifolia</i> and <i>Q. sideroxyla</i>, industrial metal kilns with <i>Brosimum alicastrum</i>, <i>Vitex gaumeri</i>, <i>Manilkara zapota</i>, and <i>Pouteria unilocularis</i>. The process time, temperature, heating ramp, production yield, and quality of charcoal produced were determined. Data were analyzed in a completely random statistical design. The industrial type kilns showed the highest production yield (>35%), and the Brazilian beehive kilns obtained the longest carbonization time (>240 h). On the other hand, the modified Brazilian beehive kilns obtained the best energetic characteristics (>75% fixed carbon and <16% volatile material). A carbonization process with a slow heating ramp (<1 °C min<sup>−1</sup>) and temperatures of 500–600 °C can generate a charcoal with export quality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:02:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5c8a2f01af4f4b5bb90fae0bb2b67e6a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:02:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-5c8a2f01af4f4b5bb90fae0bb2b67e6a2023-11-16T15:17:44ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-12-0116133310.3390/en16010333Evaluation of Four Types of Kilns Used to Produce Charcoal from Several Tree Species in MexicoJuan García-Quezada0Ricardo Musule-Lagunes1José Angel Prieto-Ruíz2Daniel José Vega-Nieva3Artemio Carrillo-Parra4Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales (PIDCAF), Durango 34100, MexicoFacultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana Campus Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz 96538, MexicoFacultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED), Durango 34120, MexicoFacultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED), Durango 34120, MexicoInstituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera (ISIMA), Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED), Durango 34120, MexicoCharcoal production is an activity that dates back over the years. The objective of the study was to determine the temperature and heating ramp in industrial carbonization processes using different kiln types and to quantify its impact on yield and quality of charcoal from different firewood species. The selection of sites, kiln types, and species investigated was based on those with highest production in Mexico. Brazilian beehive kilns using <i>Arbutus xalapensis</i>, <i>Quercus durifolia</i>, and <i>Quercus sideroxyla</i> species were analyzed; modified Brazilian beehive kilns with <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> and <i>Tamarindus indica</i>; Argentine half-orange kilns with <i>Quercus magnoliifolia</i> and <i>Q. sideroxyla</i>, industrial metal kilns with <i>Brosimum alicastrum</i>, <i>Vitex gaumeri</i>, <i>Manilkara zapota</i>, and <i>Pouteria unilocularis</i>. The process time, temperature, heating ramp, production yield, and quality of charcoal produced were determined. Data were analyzed in a completely random statistical design. The industrial type kilns showed the highest production yield (>35%), and the Brazilian beehive kilns obtained the longest carbonization time (>240 h). On the other hand, the modified Brazilian beehive kilns obtained the best energetic characteristics (>75% fixed carbon and <16% volatile material). A carbonization process with a slow heating ramp (<1 °C min<sup>−1</sup>) and temperatures of 500–600 °C can generate a charcoal with export quality.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/1/333bioenergythermochemical conversionsolid biofuelbiofuelsmasonry kilnindustrial kiln |
| spellingShingle | Juan García-Quezada Ricardo Musule-Lagunes José Angel Prieto-Ruíz Daniel José Vega-Nieva Artemio Carrillo-Parra Evaluation of Four Types of Kilns Used to Produce Charcoal from Several Tree Species in Mexico Energies bioenergy thermochemical conversion solid biofuel biofuels masonry kiln industrial kiln |
| title | Evaluation of Four Types of Kilns Used to Produce Charcoal from Several Tree Species in Mexico |
| title_full | Evaluation of Four Types of Kilns Used to Produce Charcoal from Several Tree Species in Mexico |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Four Types of Kilns Used to Produce Charcoal from Several Tree Species in Mexico |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Four Types of Kilns Used to Produce Charcoal from Several Tree Species in Mexico |
| title_short | Evaluation of Four Types of Kilns Used to Produce Charcoal from Several Tree Species in Mexico |
| title_sort | evaluation of four types of kilns used to produce charcoal from several tree species in mexico |
| topic | bioenergy thermochemical conversion solid biofuel biofuels masonry kiln industrial kiln |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/1/333 |
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