Preliminary Studies on the In Vitro Interactions Between the Secondary Metabolites Produced by Esca-Associated Fungi and Enological <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Strains
Esca-affected vines alter the carbohydrate metabolism, xylem transport of water and photosynthesis and show regular grapes (but berries do not reach maturity), and phenolic compounds are reduced in concentration, oxidate and polymerizate. Pullulan and a mixture of scytalone and isosclerone (9:1; <...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/17/2277 |
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| author | Leonardo Scarano Francesco Mazzone Francesco Mannerucci Margherita D’Amico Giovanni Luigi Bruno Antonio Domenico Marsico |
| author_facet | Leonardo Scarano Francesco Mazzone Francesco Mannerucci Margherita D’Amico Giovanni Luigi Bruno Antonio Domenico Marsico |
| author_sort | Leonardo Scarano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Esca-affected vines alter the carbohydrate metabolism, xylem transport of water and photosynthesis and show regular grapes (but berries do not reach maturity), and phenolic compounds are reduced in concentration, oxidate and polymerizate. Pullulan and a mixture of scytalone and isosclerone (9:1; <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), secondary metabolites produced in vitro and in planta by <i>Phaeoacremonium minimum</i> (syn. <i>P. aleophilum</i>) and <i>Phaeomoniella chlamydospora,</i> were assayed against the strains Byosal HS1 and IOC 18-2007 in microvinifications with synthetic grape must. The presence of pullulan and pentaketides mix affects the growth and metabolism of the tested <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> strains. Assays at 100 and 1000 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> inhibited the growth of both strains, while no effects were recorded when evaluated at 1 and 5 µg mL<sup>−1</sup>. In comparison with the controls, pullulan and the scytalone/isosclerone mixture at 10 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> had a growth reduction, a lower alcohol yield, reduced the concentration of tartaric acid and malic acid; and slowed down the production of lactic acid, acetic acid and total polyphenol content of the tested <i>S. cerevisiae</i> strains. These metabolites could be applied as an alternative to the sulfite addition in the early stages of vinification to support the action of selected <i>Saccharomyces</i>. Appealing is the subtractive action of pullulan against tartaric acid. Further data are needed to confirm and validate the enological performance in freshly pressed grape juice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:22:53Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:22:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-5c8c0810f4e7449fb94d43dd2d7ae6932023-11-23T13:55:58ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-08-011117227710.3390/plants11172277Preliminary Studies on the In Vitro Interactions Between the Secondary Metabolites Produced by Esca-Associated Fungi and Enological <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> StrainsLeonardo Scarano0Francesco Mazzone1Francesco Mannerucci2Margherita D’Amico3Giovanni Luigi Bruno4Antonio Domenico Marsico5Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (Di.S.S.P.A.), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via G. Amendola, 165/A, 70126 Bari, ItalyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology (CREA-VE), Via Casamassima, 148, 70010 Turi, ItalyDepartment of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (Di.S.S.P.A.), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via G. Amendola, 165/A, 70126 Bari, ItalyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology (CREA-VE), Via Casamassima, 148, 70010 Turi, ItalyDepartment of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (Di.S.S.P.A.), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via G. Amendola, 165/A, 70126 Bari, ItalyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology (CREA-VE), Via Casamassima, 148, 70010 Turi, ItalyEsca-affected vines alter the carbohydrate metabolism, xylem transport of water and photosynthesis and show regular grapes (but berries do not reach maturity), and phenolic compounds are reduced in concentration, oxidate and polymerizate. Pullulan and a mixture of scytalone and isosclerone (9:1; <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), secondary metabolites produced in vitro and in planta by <i>Phaeoacremonium minimum</i> (syn. <i>P. aleophilum</i>) and <i>Phaeomoniella chlamydospora,</i> were assayed against the strains Byosal HS1 and IOC 18-2007 in microvinifications with synthetic grape must. The presence of pullulan and pentaketides mix affects the growth and metabolism of the tested <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> strains. Assays at 100 and 1000 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> inhibited the growth of both strains, while no effects were recorded when evaluated at 1 and 5 µg mL<sup>−1</sup>. In comparison with the controls, pullulan and the scytalone/isosclerone mixture at 10 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> had a growth reduction, a lower alcohol yield, reduced the concentration of tartaric acid and malic acid; and slowed down the production of lactic acid, acetic acid and total polyphenol content of the tested <i>S. cerevisiae</i> strains. These metabolites could be applied as an alternative to the sulfite addition in the early stages of vinification to support the action of selected <i>Saccharomyces</i>. Appealing is the subtractive action of pullulan against tartaric acid. Further data are needed to confirm and validate the enological performance in freshly pressed grape juice.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/17/2277pullulanpentaketides naphthalenonescytaloneisoscleroneEsca complex diseasesmicrovinification |
| spellingShingle | Leonardo Scarano Francesco Mazzone Francesco Mannerucci Margherita D’Amico Giovanni Luigi Bruno Antonio Domenico Marsico Preliminary Studies on the In Vitro Interactions Between the Secondary Metabolites Produced by Esca-Associated Fungi and Enological <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Strains Plants pullulan pentaketides naphthalenone scytalone isosclerone Esca complex diseases microvinification |
| title | Preliminary Studies on the In Vitro Interactions Between the Secondary Metabolites Produced by Esca-Associated Fungi and Enological <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Strains |
| title_full | Preliminary Studies on the In Vitro Interactions Between the Secondary Metabolites Produced by Esca-Associated Fungi and Enological <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Strains |
| title_fullStr | Preliminary Studies on the In Vitro Interactions Between the Secondary Metabolites Produced by Esca-Associated Fungi and Enological <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Strains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preliminary Studies on the In Vitro Interactions Between the Secondary Metabolites Produced by Esca-Associated Fungi and Enological <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Strains |
| title_short | Preliminary Studies on the In Vitro Interactions Between the Secondary Metabolites Produced by Esca-Associated Fungi and Enological <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Strains |
| title_sort | preliminary studies on the in vitro interactions between the secondary metabolites produced by esca associated fungi and enological i saccharomyces cerevisiae i strains |
| topic | pullulan pentaketides naphthalenone scytalone isosclerone Esca complex diseases microvinification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/17/2277 |
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