Lactose and Galactose Content in Spanish Cheeses: Usefulness in the Dietary Treatment of Patients with Galactosaemia
In galactosaemia, a strict galactose-free diet is necessary to prevent or resolve acute symptoms in infants. However, because the body produces up to 10 times more galactose than is found in a galactose-restricted diet, excessively restrictive diets should be avoided in children and adults to preven...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/3/594 |
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| author | Isidro Vitoria Fuensanta Melendreras Antonio Vázquez-Palazón Dolores Rausell Patricia Correcher Domingo González-Lamuño Mónica García-Peris |
| author_facet | Isidro Vitoria Fuensanta Melendreras Antonio Vázquez-Palazón Dolores Rausell Patricia Correcher Domingo González-Lamuño Mónica García-Peris |
| author_sort | Isidro Vitoria |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In galactosaemia, a strict galactose-free diet is necessary to prevent or resolve acute symptoms in infants. However, because the body produces up to 10 times more galactose than is found in a galactose-restricted diet, excessively restrictive diets should be avoided in children and adults to prevent nutritional deficiencies. Since cheese is a nutritional source of the calcium necessary for bone health, the latest international guidelines on the management of classical galactosaemia (2017) allow the consumption of cured cheeses with less than 25 mg of galactose/100 g and recommend that each country verifies the adequacy of the cheeses, since most mature cheeses do not always have a lower galactose content. In total, 32 cheese samples were purchased (19 Spanish and 13 international cheeses), and their lactose and galactose contents were analysed using ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (IC-PAD). Five Spanish cheeses contained less than 25 mg of galactose/100 g: García Baquero semi-cured cheese; Hacendado, Gran Reserva and Mahón cured cheeses; and García Baquero Reserva 12-month cured cheese. In addition, eight international cheeses were confirmed as suitable: Comté, Gouda, Gruyere, Maasdam, Parmigiano, Edam, Emmental, and some samples of Cheddar. In addition to the well-known low-galactose Swiss and Dutch cheeses, according to the current results, five Spanish cheeses can be safely consumed. The greater availability of types of cheese favours better bone health in patients with galactosaemia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:30:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5c98a41374184a38a60ebcfa7c967aa1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:30:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-5c98a41374184a38a60ebcfa7c967aa12023-11-16T17:39:08ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-01-0115359410.3390/nu15030594Lactose and Galactose Content in Spanish Cheeses: Usefulness in the Dietary Treatment of Patients with GalactosaemiaIsidro Vitoria0Fuensanta Melendreras1Antonio Vázquez-Palazón2Dolores Rausell3Patricia Correcher4Domingo González-Lamuño5Mónica García-Peris6Nutrition and Metabolopathies Unit, La Fe University Hospital, 46025 Valencia, SpainNational Technological Center for Food and Canning Industries, 30500 Murcia, SpainNational Technological Center for Food and Canning Industries, 30500 Murcia, SpainMetabolopathies Laboratory, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, SpainNutrition and Metabolopathies Unit, La Fe University Hospital, 46025 Valencia, SpainPediatric Nephrology and Metabolism, “Marqués de Valdecilla” University Hospital, 39008 Santander, SpainNutrition and Metabolopathies Unit, La Fe University Hospital, 46025 Valencia, SpainIn galactosaemia, a strict galactose-free diet is necessary to prevent or resolve acute symptoms in infants. However, because the body produces up to 10 times more galactose than is found in a galactose-restricted diet, excessively restrictive diets should be avoided in children and adults to prevent nutritional deficiencies. Since cheese is a nutritional source of the calcium necessary for bone health, the latest international guidelines on the management of classical galactosaemia (2017) allow the consumption of cured cheeses with less than 25 mg of galactose/100 g and recommend that each country verifies the adequacy of the cheeses, since most mature cheeses do not always have a lower galactose content. In total, 32 cheese samples were purchased (19 Spanish and 13 international cheeses), and their lactose and galactose contents were analysed using ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (IC-PAD). Five Spanish cheeses contained less than 25 mg of galactose/100 g: García Baquero semi-cured cheese; Hacendado, Gran Reserva and Mahón cured cheeses; and García Baquero Reserva 12-month cured cheese. In addition, eight international cheeses were confirmed as suitable: Comté, Gouda, Gruyere, Maasdam, Parmigiano, Edam, Emmental, and some samples of Cheddar. In addition to the well-known low-galactose Swiss and Dutch cheeses, according to the current results, five Spanish cheeses can be safely consumed. The greater availability of types of cheese favours better bone health in patients with galactosaemia.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/3/594inborn errors of metabolismgalactosaemiagalactose restrictioncheeselactosegalactose |
| spellingShingle | Isidro Vitoria Fuensanta Melendreras Antonio Vázquez-Palazón Dolores Rausell Patricia Correcher Domingo González-Lamuño Mónica García-Peris Lactose and Galactose Content in Spanish Cheeses: Usefulness in the Dietary Treatment of Patients with Galactosaemia Nutrients inborn errors of metabolism galactosaemia galactose restriction cheese lactose galactose |
| title | Lactose and Galactose Content in Spanish Cheeses: Usefulness in the Dietary Treatment of Patients with Galactosaemia |
| title_full | Lactose and Galactose Content in Spanish Cheeses: Usefulness in the Dietary Treatment of Patients with Galactosaemia |
| title_fullStr | Lactose and Galactose Content in Spanish Cheeses: Usefulness in the Dietary Treatment of Patients with Galactosaemia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lactose and Galactose Content in Spanish Cheeses: Usefulness in the Dietary Treatment of Patients with Galactosaemia |
| title_short | Lactose and Galactose Content in Spanish Cheeses: Usefulness in the Dietary Treatment of Patients with Galactosaemia |
| title_sort | lactose and galactose content in spanish cheeses usefulness in the dietary treatment of patients with galactosaemia |
| topic | inborn errors of metabolism galactosaemia galactose restriction cheese lactose galactose |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/3/594 |
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