Efficient Recovery of Lithium Cobaltate from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Owing to technological advancements and the ever-increasing population, the search for renewable energy resources has increased. One such attempt at finding effective renewable energy is recycling of lithium-ion batteries and using the recycled material as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/12/3343 |
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| author | Ayesha Arif Ming Xu Jamshaid Rashid Chaudry Sajed Saraj Wei Li Bilal Akram Binbin Hu |
| author_facet | Ayesha Arif Ming Xu Jamshaid Rashid Chaudry Sajed Saraj Wei Li Bilal Akram Binbin Hu |
| author_sort | Ayesha Arif |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Owing to technological advancements and the ever-increasing population, the search for renewable energy resources has increased. One such attempt at finding effective renewable energy is recycling of lithium-ion batteries and using the recycled material as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) step in water splitting reactions. In electrocatalysis, the OER plays a crucial role and several electrocatalysts have been investigated to improve the efficiency of O<sub>2</sub> gas evolution. Present research involves the use of citric acid coupled with lemon peel extracts for efficient recovery of lithium cobaltate from waste lithium-ion batteries and subsequent use of the recovered cathode material for OER in water splitting. Optimum recovery was achieved at 90 °C within 3 h of treatment with 1.5 M citric acid and 1.5% extract volume. The consequent electrode materials were calcined at 600, 700 and 800 °C and compared to the untreated waste material calcined at 600 °C for OER activity. The treated material recovered and calcined at 600 °C was the best among all of the samples for OER activity. Its average particle size was estimated to be within the 20–100 nm range and required a low overpotential of 0.55 V vs. RHE for the current density to reach 10 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> with a Tafel value of 128 mV/dec. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:26:18Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:26:18Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-5c9f06b5c2b6412bb8861652c4ca63eb2023-11-23T09:51:17ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-12-011112334310.3390/nano11123343Efficient Recovery of Lithium Cobaltate from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries for Oxygen Evolution ReactionAyesha Arif0Ming Xu1Jamshaid Rashid2Chaudry Sajed Saraj3Wei Li4Bilal Akram5Binbin Hu6Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanBNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Science, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanGPL, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, ChinaGPL, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaKey Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, ChinaOwing to technological advancements and the ever-increasing population, the search for renewable energy resources has increased. One such attempt at finding effective renewable energy is recycling of lithium-ion batteries and using the recycled material as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) step in water splitting reactions. In electrocatalysis, the OER plays a crucial role and several electrocatalysts have been investigated to improve the efficiency of O<sub>2</sub> gas evolution. Present research involves the use of citric acid coupled with lemon peel extracts for efficient recovery of lithium cobaltate from waste lithium-ion batteries and subsequent use of the recovered cathode material for OER in water splitting. Optimum recovery was achieved at 90 °C within 3 h of treatment with 1.5 M citric acid and 1.5% extract volume. The consequent electrode materials were calcined at 600, 700 and 800 °C and compared to the untreated waste material calcined at 600 °C for OER activity. The treated material recovered and calcined at 600 °C was the best among all of the samples for OER activity. Its average particle size was estimated to be within the 20–100 nm range and required a low overpotential of 0.55 V vs. RHE for the current density to reach 10 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> with a Tafel value of 128 mV/dec.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/12/3343lemon peel extractslithium-ion batteriesoxygen evolution reactionrenewable energywaste management |
| spellingShingle | Ayesha Arif Ming Xu Jamshaid Rashid Chaudry Sajed Saraj Wei Li Bilal Akram Binbin Hu Efficient Recovery of Lithium Cobaltate from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries for Oxygen Evolution Reaction Nanomaterials lemon peel extracts lithium-ion batteries oxygen evolution reaction renewable energy waste management |
| title | Efficient Recovery of Lithium Cobaltate from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries for Oxygen Evolution Reaction |
| title_full | Efficient Recovery of Lithium Cobaltate from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries for Oxygen Evolution Reaction |
| title_fullStr | Efficient Recovery of Lithium Cobaltate from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries for Oxygen Evolution Reaction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficient Recovery of Lithium Cobaltate from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries for Oxygen Evolution Reaction |
| title_short | Efficient Recovery of Lithium Cobaltate from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries for Oxygen Evolution Reaction |
| title_sort | efficient recovery of lithium cobaltate from spent lithium ion batteries for oxygen evolution reaction |
| topic | lemon peel extracts lithium-ion batteries oxygen evolution reaction renewable energy waste management |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/12/3343 |
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