Light Up the Brain: The Application of Optogenetics in Cell-Type Specific Dissection of Mouse Brain Circuits
The exquisite intricacies of neural circuits are fundamental to an animal’s diverse and complex repertoire of sensory and motor functions. The ability to precisely map neural circuits and to selectively manipulate neural activity is critical to understanding brain function and has, therefore been a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fncir.2020.00018/full |
| _version_ | 1818108121217761280 |
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| author | Candice Lee Andreanne Lavoie Andreanne Lavoie Jiashu Liu Jiashu Liu Simon X. Chen Simon X. Chen Simon X. Chen Bao-hua Liu Bao-hua Liu |
| author_facet | Candice Lee Andreanne Lavoie Andreanne Lavoie Jiashu Liu Jiashu Liu Simon X. Chen Simon X. Chen Simon X. Chen Bao-hua Liu Bao-hua Liu |
| author_sort | Candice Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The exquisite intricacies of neural circuits are fundamental to an animal’s diverse and complex repertoire of sensory and motor functions. The ability to precisely map neural circuits and to selectively manipulate neural activity is critical to understanding brain function and has, therefore been a long-standing goal for neuroscientists. The recent development of optogenetic tools, combined with transgenic mouse lines, has endowed us with unprecedented spatiotemporal precision in circuit analysis. These advances greatly expand the scope of tractable experimental investigations. Here, in the first half of the review, we will present applications of optogenetics in identifying connectivity between different local neuronal cell types and of long-range projections with both in vitro and in vivo methods. We will then discuss how these tools can be used to reveal the functional roles of these cell-type specific connections in governing sensory information processing, and learning and memory in the visual cortex, somatosensory cortex, and motor cortex. Finally, we will discuss the prospect of new optogenetic tools and how their application can further advance modern neuroscience. In summary, this review serves as a primer to exemplify how optogenetics can be used in sophisticated modern circuit analyses at the levels of synapses, cells, network connectivity and behaviors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T02:10:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5caec948310f4fcb9029a54e9fb67791 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5110 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T02:10:19Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
| spelling | doaj.art-5caec948310f4fcb9029a54e9fb677912022-12-22T01:24:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neural Circuits1662-51102020-04-011410.3389/fncir.2020.00018523610Light Up the Brain: The Application of Optogenetics in Cell-Type Specific Dissection of Mouse Brain CircuitsCandice Lee0Andreanne Lavoie1Andreanne Lavoie2Jiashu Liu3Jiashu Liu4Simon X. Chen5Simon X. Chen6Simon X. Chen7Bao-hua Liu8Bao-hua Liu9Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaDepartment of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, CanadaDepartment of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaDepartment of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, CanadaDepartment of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaBrain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaCenter for Neural Dynamics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaDepartment of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, CanadaDepartment of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaThe exquisite intricacies of neural circuits are fundamental to an animal’s diverse and complex repertoire of sensory and motor functions. The ability to precisely map neural circuits and to selectively manipulate neural activity is critical to understanding brain function and has, therefore been a long-standing goal for neuroscientists. The recent development of optogenetic tools, combined with transgenic mouse lines, has endowed us with unprecedented spatiotemporal precision in circuit analysis. These advances greatly expand the scope of tractable experimental investigations. Here, in the first half of the review, we will present applications of optogenetics in identifying connectivity between different local neuronal cell types and of long-range projections with both in vitro and in vivo methods. We will then discuss how these tools can be used to reveal the functional roles of these cell-type specific connections in governing sensory information processing, and learning and memory in the visual cortex, somatosensory cortex, and motor cortex. Finally, we will discuss the prospect of new optogenetic tools and how their application can further advance modern neuroscience. In summary, this review serves as a primer to exemplify how optogenetics can be used in sophisticated modern circuit analyses at the levels of synapses, cells, network connectivity and behaviors.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fncir.2020.00018/fulloptogeneticsneural connectivityGABAergic neuronsneural circuit functionneural circuits and behavior |
| spellingShingle | Candice Lee Andreanne Lavoie Andreanne Lavoie Jiashu Liu Jiashu Liu Simon X. Chen Simon X. Chen Simon X. Chen Bao-hua Liu Bao-hua Liu Light Up the Brain: The Application of Optogenetics in Cell-Type Specific Dissection of Mouse Brain Circuits Frontiers in Neural Circuits optogenetics neural connectivity GABAergic neurons neural circuit function neural circuits and behavior |
| title | Light Up the Brain: The Application of Optogenetics in Cell-Type Specific Dissection of Mouse Brain Circuits |
| title_full | Light Up the Brain: The Application of Optogenetics in Cell-Type Specific Dissection of Mouse Brain Circuits |
| title_fullStr | Light Up the Brain: The Application of Optogenetics in Cell-Type Specific Dissection of Mouse Brain Circuits |
| title_full_unstemmed | Light Up the Brain: The Application of Optogenetics in Cell-Type Specific Dissection of Mouse Brain Circuits |
| title_short | Light Up the Brain: The Application of Optogenetics in Cell-Type Specific Dissection of Mouse Brain Circuits |
| title_sort | light up the brain the application of optogenetics in cell type specific dissection of mouse brain circuits |
| topic | optogenetics neural connectivity GABAergic neurons neural circuit function neural circuits and behavior |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fncir.2020.00018/full |
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