Prevalence of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes in non-traditional irrigation waters in the Mid-Atlantic United States is affected by water type, season, and recovery method.
Irrigation water contaminated with Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes may provide a route of contamination of raw or minimally processed fruits and vegetables. While previous work has surveyed specific and singular types of agricultural irrigation water for bacterial pathogens, few studi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2020-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229365 |
| _version_ | 1818729675868864512 |
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| author | Manan Sharma Eric T Handy Cheryl L East Seongyun Kim Chengsheng Jiang Mary Theresa Callahan Sarah M Allard Shirley Micallef Shani Craighead Brienna Anderson-Coughlin Samantha Gartley Adam Vanore Kalmia E Kniel Joseph Haymaker Rico Duncan Derek Foust Chanelle White Maryam Taabodi Fawzy Hashem Salina Parveen Eric May Anthony Bui Hillary Craddock Prachi Kulkarni Rianna T Murray Amy R Sapkota |
| author_facet | Manan Sharma Eric T Handy Cheryl L East Seongyun Kim Chengsheng Jiang Mary Theresa Callahan Sarah M Allard Shirley Micallef Shani Craighead Brienna Anderson-Coughlin Samantha Gartley Adam Vanore Kalmia E Kniel Joseph Haymaker Rico Duncan Derek Foust Chanelle White Maryam Taabodi Fawzy Hashem Salina Parveen Eric May Anthony Bui Hillary Craddock Prachi Kulkarni Rianna T Murray Amy R Sapkota |
| author_sort | Manan Sharma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Irrigation water contaminated with Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes may provide a route of contamination of raw or minimally processed fruits and vegetables. While previous work has surveyed specific and singular types of agricultural irrigation water for bacterial pathogens, few studies have simultaneously surveyed different water sources repeatedly over an extended period of time. This study quantified S. enterica and L. monocytogenes levels (MPN/L) at 6 sites, including river waters: tidal freshwater river (MA04, n = 34), non-tidal freshwater river, (MA05, n = 32), one reclaimed water holding pond (MA06, n = 25), two pond water sites (MA10, n = 35; MA11, n = 34), and one produce wash water site (MA12, n = 10) from September 2016-October 2018. Overall, 50% (84/168) and 31% (53/170) of sampling events recovered S. enterica and L. monocytogenes, respectively. Results showed that river waters supported significantly (p < 0.05) greater levels of S. enterica than pond or reclaimed waters. The non-tidal river water sites (MA05) with the lowest water temperature supported significantly greater level of L. monocytogenes compared to all other sites; L. monocytogenes levels were also lower in winter and spring compared to summer seasons. Filtering 10 L of water through a modified Moore swab (MMS) was 43.5 (Odds ratio, p < 0.001) and 25.5 (p < 0.001) times more likely to recover S. enterica than filtering 1 L and 0.1 L, respectively; filtering 10 L was 4.8 (p < 0.05) and 3.9 (p < 0.05) times more likely to recover L. monocytogenes than 1L and 0.1 L, respectively. Work presented here shows that S. enterica and L. monocytogenes levels are higher in river waters compared to pond or reclaimed waters in the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S., and quantitatively shows that analyzing 10 L water is more likely recover pathogens than smaller samples of environmental waters. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T22:49:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5cb48f1fdac941d5aacf893f6076bb21 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T22:49:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-5cb48f1fdac941d5aacf893f6076bb212022-12-21T21:29:43ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032020-01-01153e022936510.1371/journal.pone.0229365Prevalence of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes in non-traditional irrigation waters in the Mid-Atlantic United States is affected by water type, season, and recovery method.Manan SharmaEric T HandyCheryl L EastSeongyun KimChengsheng JiangMary Theresa CallahanSarah M AllardShirley MicallefShani CraigheadBrienna Anderson-CoughlinSamantha GartleyAdam VanoreKalmia E KnielJoseph HaymakerRico DuncanDerek FoustChanelle WhiteMaryam TaabodiFawzy HashemSalina ParveenEric MayAnthony BuiHillary CraddockPrachi KulkarniRianna T MurrayAmy R SapkotaIrrigation water contaminated with Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes may provide a route of contamination of raw or minimally processed fruits and vegetables. While previous work has surveyed specific and singular types of agricultural irrigation water for bacterial pathogens, few studies have simultaneously surveyed different water sources repeatedly over an extended period of time. This study quantified S. enterica and L. monocytogenes levels (MPN/L) at 6 sites, including river waters: tidal freshwater river (MA04, n = 34), non-tidal freshwater river, (MA05, n = 32), one reclaimed water holding pond (MA06, n = 25), two pond water sites (MA10, n = 35; MA11, n = 34), and one produce wash water site (MA12, n = 10) from September 2016-October 2018. Overall, 50% (84/168) and 31% (53/170) of sampling events recovered S. enterica and L. monocytogenes, respectively. Results showed that river waters supported significantly (p < 0.05) greater levels of S. enterica than pond or reclaimed waters. The non-tidal river water sites (MA05) with the lowest water temperature supported significantly greater level of L. monocytogenes compared to all other sites; L. monocytogenes levels were also lower in winter and spring compared to summer seasons. Filtering 10 L of water through a modified Moore swab (MMS) was 43.5 (Odds ratio, p < 0.001) and 25.5 (p < 0.001) times more likely to recover S. enterica than filtering 1 L and 0.1 L, respectively; filtering 10 L was 4.8 (p < 0.05) and 3.9 (p < 0.05) times more likely to recover L. monocytogenes than 1L and 0.1 L, respectively. Work presented here shows that S. enterica and L. monocytogenes levels are higher in river waters compared to pond or reclaimed waters in the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S., and quantitatively shows that analyzing 10 L water is more likely recover pathogens than smaller samples of environmental waters.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229365 |
| spellingShingle | Manan Sharma Eric T Handy Cheryl L East Seongyun Kim Chengsheng Jiang Mary Theresa Callahan Sarah M Allard Shirley Micallef Shani Craighead Brienna Anderson-Coughlin Samantha Gartley Adam Vanore Kalmia E Kniel Joseph Haymaker Rico Duncan Derek Foust Chanelle White Maryam Taabodi Fawzy Hashem Salina Parveen Eric May Anthony Bui Hillary Craddock Prachi Kulkarni Rianna T Murray Amy R Sapkota Prevalence of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes in non-traditional irrigation waters in the Mid-Atlantic United States is affected by water type, season, and recovery method. PLoS ONE |
| title | Prevalence of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes in non-traditional irrigation waters in the Mid-Atlantic United States is affected by water type, season, and recovery method. |
| title_full | Prevalence of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes in non-traditional irrigation waters in the Mid-Atlantic United States is affected by water type, season, and recovery method. |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes in non-traditional irrigation waters in the Mid-Atlantic United States is affected by water type, season, and recovery method. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes in non-traditional irrigation waters in the Mid-Atlantic United States is affected by water type, season, and recovery method. |
| title_short | Prevalence of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes in non-traditional irrigation waters in the Mid-Atlantic United States is affected by water type, season, and recovery method. |
| title_sort | prevalence of salmonella and listeria monocytogenes in non traditional irrigation waters in the mid atlantic united states is affected by water type season and recovery method |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229365 |
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