Impulse dispersion of aerosols during playing wind instruments.
Musical activities, especially singing and playing wind instruments, have been singled out as potentially high-risk activities for the transmission of SARS CoV-2, due to a higher rate of aerosol production and emission. Playing wind instruments can produce condensation, droplets of saliva, and aeros...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2022-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262994 |
| _version_ | 1819018518198222848 |
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| author | Sophia Gantner Matthias Echternach Reinhard Veltrup Caroline Westphalen Marie Christine Köberlein Liudmila Kuranova Gregor Peters Bernhard Jakubaß Tobias Benthaus Michael Döllinger Stefan Kniesburges |
| author_facet | Sophia Gantner Matthias Echternach Reinhard Veltrup Caroline Westphalen Marie Christine Köberlein Liudmila Kuranova Gregor Peters Bernhard Jakubaß Tobias Benthaus Michael Döllinger Stefan Kniesburges |
| author_sort | Sophia Gantner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Musical activities, especially singing and playing wind instruments, have been singled out as potentially high-risk activities for the transmission of SARS CoV-2, due to a higher rate of aerosol production and emission. Playing wind instruments can produce condensation, droplets of saliva, and aerosol particles, which hover and spread in the environmental air's convectional flows and which can be potentially infectious. The aim of this study is to investigate the primary impulse dispersion of aerosols that takes place during the playing of different wind instruments as compared to breathing and to speaking. Nine professional musicians (3 trumpeters, 3 flautists and 3 clarinetists) from the Bavarian Symphony Orchestra performed the main theme from the 4th movement of Ludwig van Beethoven's 9th symphony in different pitches and loudness. The inhaled air volume was marked with small aerosol particles produced using a commercial e-cigarette. The expelled aerosol cloud was recorded by cameras from different perspectives. Afterwards, the dimensions and dynamics of the aerosol cloud were measured by segmenting the video footage at every time point. Overall, the flutes produced the largest dispersion at the end of the task, reaching maximum forward distances of 1.88 m. An expulsion of aerosol was observed in different directions: upwards and downwards at the mouthpiece, at the end of the instrument, and along the flute at the key plane. In comparison, the maximum impulse dispersions generated by the trumpets and clarinets were lower in frontal and lateral direction (1.2 m and 1.0 m towards the front, respectively). Also, the expulsion to the sides was lower. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T03:20:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5cc8c5cb231b4f4fa4db7830ae3e95a5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T03:20:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-5cc8c5cb231b4f4fa4db7830ae3e95a52022-12-21T19:17:42ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032022-01-01173e026299410.1371/journal.pone.0262994Impulse dispersion of aerosols during playing wind instruments.Sophia GantnerMatthias EchternachReinhard VeltrupCaroline WestphalenMarie Christine KöberleinLiudmila KuranovaGregor PetersBernhard JakubaßTobias BenthausMichael DöllingerStefan KniesburgesMusical activities, especially singing and playing wind instruments, have been singled out as potentially high-risk activities for the transmission of SARS CoV-2, due to a higher rate of aerosol production and emission. Playing wind instruments can produce condensation, droplets of saliva, and aerosol particles, which hover and spread in the environmental air's convectional flows and which can be potentially infectious. The aim of this study is to investigate the primary impulse dispersion of aerosols that takes place during the playing of different wind instruments as compared to breathing and to speaking. Nine professional musicians (3 trumpeters, 3 flautists and 3 clarinetists) from the Bavarian Symphony Orchestra performed the main theme from the 4th movement of Ludwig van Beethoven's 9th symphony in different pitches and loudness. The inhaled air volume was marked with small aerosol particles produced using a commercial e-cigarette. The expelled aerosol cloud was recorded by cameras from different perspectives. Afterwards, the dimensions and dynamics of the aerosol cloud were measured by segmenting the video footage at every time point. Overall, the flutes produced the largest dispersion at the end of the task, reaching maximum forward distances of 1.88 m. An expulsion of aerosol was observed in different directions: upwards and downwards at the mouthpiece, at the end of the instrument, and along the flute at the key plane. In comparison, the maximum impulse dispersions generated by the trumpets and clarinets were lower in frontal and lateral direction (1.2 m and 1.0 m towards the front, respectively). Also, the expulsion to the sides was lower.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262994 |
| spellingShingle | Sophia Gantner Matthias Echternach Reinhard Veltrup Caroline Westphalen Marie Christine Köberlein Liudmila Kuranova Gregor Peters Bernhard Jakubaß Tobias Benthaus Michael Döllinger Stefan Kniesburges Impulse dispersion of aerosols during playing wind instruments. PLoS ONE |
| title | Impulse dispersion of aerosols during playing wind instruments. |
| title_full | Impulse dispersion of aerosols during playing wind instruments. |
| title_fullStr | Impulse dispersion of aerosols during playing wind instruments. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impulse dispersion of aerosols during playing wind instruments. |
| title_short | Impulse dispersion of aerosols during playing wind instruments. |
| title_sort | impulse dispersion of aerosols during playing wind instruments |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262994 |
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