Somatic Embryogenesis in Conifers: One Clade to Rule Them All?
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) in conifers is usually characterized as a multi-step process starting with the development of proembryogenic cell masses and followed by histodifferentiation, somatic embryo development, maturation, desiccation, and plant regeneration. Our current understanding of conifers...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/14/2648 |
| _version_ | 1797587723001790464 |
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| author | Hugo Pacheco de Freitas Fraga Paula Eduarda Cardoso Moraes Leila do Nascimento Vieira Miguel Pedro Guerra |
| author_facet | Hugo Pacheco de Freitas Fraga Paula Eduarda Cardoso Moraes Leila do Nascimento Vieira Miguel Pedro Guerra |
| author_sort | Hugo Pacheco de Freitas Fraga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Somatic embryogenesis (SE) in conifers is usually characterized as a multi-step process starting with the development of proembryogenic cell masses and followed by histodifferentiation, somatic embryo development, maturation, desiccation, and plant regeneration. Our current understanding of conifers’ SE is mainly derived from studies using Pinaceae species as a model. However, the evolutionary relationships between conifers are not clear. Some hypotheses consider conifers as a paraphyletic group and Gnetales as a closely related clade. In this review, we used an integrated approach in order to cover the advances in knowledge on SE in conifers and Gnetales, discussing the state-of-the-art and shedding light on similarities and current bottlenecks. With this approach, we expect to be able to better understand the integration of these clades within current studies on SE. Finally, the points discussed raise an intriguing question: are non-Pinaceae conifers less prone to expressing embryogenic competence and generating somatic embryos as compared to Pinaceae species? The development of fundamental studies focused on this morphogenetic route in the coming years could be the key to finding a higher number of points in common between these species, allowing the success of the SE of one species to positively affect the success of another. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:42:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5cd67d3d4d7240e5913623c558480136 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:42:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-5cd67d3d4d7240e5913623c5584801362023-11-18T21:00:03ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-07-011214264810.3390/plants12142648Somatic Embryogenesis in Conifers: One Clade to Rule Them All?Hugo Pacheco de Freitas Fraga0Paula Eduarda Cardoso Moraes1Leila do Nascimento Vieira2Miguel Pedro Guerra3Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81530-000, BrazilDepartamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81530-000, BrazilDepartamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81530-000, BrazilGraduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, Laboratory of Plant Developmental Physiology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-000, BrazilSomatic embryogenesis (SE) in conifers is usually characterized as a multi-step process starting with the development of proembryogenic cell masses and followed by histodifferentiation, somatic embryo development, maturation, desiccation, and plant regeneration. Our current understanding of conifers’ SE is mainly derived from studies using Pinaceae species as a model. However, the evolutionary relationships between conifers are not clear. Some hypotheses consider conifers as a paraphyletic group and Gnetales as a closely related clade. In this review, we used an integrated approach in order to cover the advances in knowledge on SE in conifers and Gnetales, discussing the state-of-the-art and shedding light on similarities and current bottlenecks. With this approach, we expect to be able to better understand the integration of these clades within current studies on SE. Finally, the points discussed raise an intriguing question: are non-Pinaceae conifers less prone to expressing embryogenic competence and generating somatic embryos as compared to Pinaceae species? The development of fundamental studies focused on this morphogenetic route in the coming years could be the key to finding a higher number of points in common between these species, allowing the success of the SE of one species to positively affect the success of another.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/14/2648gymnospermsAraucariaceaeCupressaceaeGnetalesPinaceae |
| spellingShingle | Hugo Pacheco de Freitas Fraga Paula Eduarda Cardoso Moraes Leila do Nascimento Vieira Miguel Pedro Guerra Somatic Embryogenesis in Conifers: One Clade to Rule Them All? Plants gymnosperms Araucariaceae Cupressaceae Gnetales Pinaceae |
| title | Somatic Embryogenesis in Conifers: One Clade to Rule Them All? |
| title_full | Somatic Embryogenesis in Conifers: One Clade to Rule Them All? |
| title_fullStr | Somatic Embryogenesis in Conifers: One Clade to Rule Them All? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Somatic Embryogenesis in Conifers: One Clade to Rule Them All? |
| title_short | Somatic Embryogenesis in Conifers: One Clade to Rule Them All? |
| title_sort | somatic embryogenesis in conifers one clade to rule them all |
| topic | gymnosperms Araucariaceae Cupressaceae Gnetales Pinaceae |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/14/2648 |
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