Continuous Lactate Monitoring System Based on Percutaneous Microneedle Array
Lactate measurement is important in the fields of sports and medicine. Lactate accumulation can seriously affect an athlete’s performance. The most common problem caused by lactate accumulation in athletes is muscle soreness due to excessive exercise. Moreover, from a medical viewpoint, lactate is o...
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| פורמט: | Article |
| שפה: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| סדרה: | Sensors |
| נושאים: | |
| גישה מקוונת: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1468 |
| _version_ | 1827652791777099776 |
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| author | Ming-Nan Chien Shih-Hao Fan Chi-Huang Huang Chien-Chen Wu Jung-Tung Huang |
| author_facet | Ming-Nan Chien Shih-Hao Fan Chi-Huang Huang Chien-Chen Wu Jung-Tung Huang |
| author_sort | Ming-Nan Chien |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lactate measurement is important in the fields of sports and medicine. Lactate accumulation can seriously affect an athlete’s performance. The most common problem caused by lactate accumulation in athletes is muscle soreness due to excessive exercise. Moreover, from a medical viewpoint, lactate is one of the main prognostic factors of sepsis. Currently, blood sampling is the most common approach to lactate measurement for lactate sensing, and continuous measurement is not available. In this study, a low-cost continuous lactate monitoring system (CLMS) is developed based on a percutaneous microneedle array that uses a three-electrode lactate sensor. The working electrode has an area of 10 mm × 6 mm, including a 3 × 3 array of stainless-steel microneedles. The length, width, and thickness of each needle are 1 mm, 0.44 mm, and 0.03 mm, respectively. The working electrode is then plated with gold, polyaniline, lactate enzyme, Nafion, and Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly HEMA). The reference electrode is a 2 × 1 array covered with AgCl, and the counter electrode is a 2 × 1 array plated with gold. The sensor is incorporated into the CLMS and connected to a smartphone application and the cloud. The CLMS was tested on 40 human subjects who rode indoor bicycles, starting at 100 W and increasing in steps of 25 W at intervals of 5 min until exhaustion. The data acquired from the app connected to the CLMS were analyzed to determine the subjects’ lactate response to exercise and the feasibility of assessing exercise performance and training exercise intensity by using the proposed system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:06:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5cd799ff65c2471c99d2b2b9e43b51a7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:06:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-5cd799ff65c2471c99d2b2b9e43b51a72023-11-23T21:59:57ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-02-01224146810.3390/s22041468Continuous Lactate Monitoring System Based on Percutaneous Microneedle ArrayMing-Nan Chien0Shih-Hao Fan1Chi-Huang Huang2Chien-Chen Wu3Jung-Tung Huang4Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Da’an Dist., Taipei City 10608, TaiwanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Da’an Dist., Taipei City 10608, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, No. 250, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33301, TaiwanAREDOT Smart Kinetic Energy Co., Ltd., 3rd Floor, No. 82, Chang’an W. Rd., Datong Dist., Taipei City 10355, TaiwanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Da’an Dist., Taipei City 10608, TaiwanLactate measurement is important in the fields of sports and medicine. Lactate accumulation can seriously affect an athlete’s performance. The most common problem caused by lactate accumulation in athletes is muscle soreness due to excessive exercise. Moreover, from a medical viewpoint, lactate is one of the main prognostic factors of sepsis. Currently, blood sampling is the most common approach to lactate measurement for lactate sensing, and continuous measurement is not available. In this study, a low-cost continuous lactate monitoring system (CLMS) is developed based on a percutaneous microneedle array that uses a three-electrode lactate sensor. The working electrode has an area of 10 mm × 6 mm, including a 3 × 3 array of stainless-steel microneedles. The length, width, and thickness of each needle are 1 mm, 0.44 mm, and 0.03 mm, respectively. The working electrode is then plated with gold, polyaniline, lactate enzyme, Nafion, and Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly HEMA). The reference electrode is a 2 × 1 array covered with AgCl, and the counter electrode is a 2 × 1 array plated with gold. The sensor is incorporated into the CLMS and connected to a smartphone application and the cloud. The CLMS was tested on 40 human subjects who rode indoor bicycles, starting at 100 W and increasing in steps of 25 W at intervals of 5 min until exhaustion. The data acquired from the app connected to the CLMS were analyzed to determine the subjects’ lactate response to exercise and the feasibility of assessing exercise performance and training exercise intensity by using the proposed system.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1468lactatebiosensorthree electrode systemmicroneedle arraycontinuous monitoringcyclic voltammetry |
| spellingShingle | Ming-Nan Chien Shih-Hao Fan Chi-Huang Huang Chien-Chen Wu Jung-Tung Huang Continuous Lactate Monitoring System Based on Percutaneous Microneedle Array Sensors lactate biosensor three electrode system microneedle array continuous monitoring cyclic voltammetry |
| title | Continuous Lactate Monitoring System Based on Percutaneous Microneedle Array |
| title_full | Continuous Lactate Monitoring System Based on Percutaneous Microneedle Array |
| title_fullStr | Continuous Lactate Monitoring System Based on Percutaneous Microneedle Array |
| title_full_unstemmed | Continuous Lactate Monitoring System Based on Percutaneous Microneedle Array |
| title_short | Continuous Lactate Monitoring System Based on Percutaneous Microneedle Array |
| title_sort | continuous lactate monitoring system based on percutaneous microneedle array |
| topic | lactate biosensor three electrode system microneedle array continuous monitoring cyclic voltammetry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1468 |
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