Effects of Inorganic Salt Solutions on Vigour, Viability, Oxidative Metabolism and Germination Enzymes in Aged Cabbage and Lettuce Seeds
This study assessed the potential of pre-hydration treatment with aqueous solutions (electrolysed [cathodic water; CW] and non-electrolysed) prepared from four different inorganic ion combinations: 1 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>, 1 µm CaCl<sub>2</sub> and 1 mM MgCl<sub>2</sub...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-09-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/9/1164 |
| _version_ | 1797554203438088192 |
|---|---|
| author | Ademola Emmanuel Adetunji Sershen Boby Varghese Norman W. Pammenter |
| author_facet | Ademola Emmanuel Adetunji Sershen Boby Varghese Norman W. Pammenter |
| author_sort | Ademola Emmanuel Adetunji |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study assessed the potential of pre-hydration treatment with aqueous solutions (electrolysed [cathodic water; CW] and non-electrolysed) prepared from four different inorganic ion combinations: 1 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>, 1 µm CaCl<sub>2</sub> and 1 mM MgCl<sub>2</sub> (CaMg, hereafter), 1 mM MgCl<sub>2</sub> and 1 mM NaCl to invigorate controlled deteriorated (CDd) <i>Brassica</i><i>oleracea</i> (cabbage) and <i>Lactuca</i><i>sativa</i> (lettuce) seeds by assessing germination, vigour and biochemical markers (electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation products, protein carbonylation, and defence and germination associated enzymes) of oxidative stress. Additionally, the possible effects of pH of electrolysed CaMg and NaCl solutions were assessed. The inorganic salt solutions were applied to fresh seeds and seeds deteriorated to 75% viability (P75), 50% viability (P50) and 25% viability (P25); deionised water served as control. The pre-hydration treatment did not enhance normal seedling production in cabbage. However, Ca-containing and CW hydration treatments (CaCl<sub>2</sub> CW, CaMg and CaMg CW [6.5], MgCl<sub>2</sub> CW, NaCl CW and NaCl CW [6.5]) promoted normal seedling production of CDd lettuce seeds, while seedling vigour was enhanced by CaMg, CaMg CW (6.5), NaCl CW and NaCl CW (6.5) in CDd cabbage seeds, and CaCl<sub>2</sub>, CaCl<sub>2</sub> CW, CaMg, CaMg CW (6.5), MgCl<sub>2</sub> CW, NaCl CW and NaCl CW (6.5) in CDd lettuce seeds. The supplementation of Ca, a component of the ionised solutes, and/or the reducing potential of CW contributed to increased normal seedling production in lettuce seeds irrespective of the pH of treatment solutions or degree of deterioration. Overall, the pre-hydration treatments enhanced endogenous antioxidants leading to reduced levels of electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and enhanced germination enzyme activities in lettuce seeds. The study concluded that pre-hydration with selected inorganic salt solutions can invigorate debilitated lettuce seeds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:28:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5ceedc975fcf40869ba2e94cdb6feead |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:28:37Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-5ceedc975fcf40869ba2e94cdb6feead2023-11-20T13:01:57ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-09-0199116410.3390/plants9091164Effects of Inorganic Salt Solutions on Vigour, Viability, Oxidative Metabolism and Germination Enzymes in Aged Cabbage and Lettuce SeedsAdemola Emmanuel Adetunji0Sershen1Boby Varghese2Norman W. Pammenter3School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South AfricaDepartment for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South AfricaSchool of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South AfricaSchool of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South AfricaThis study assessed the potential of pre-hydration treatment with aqueous solutions (electrolysed [cathodic water; CW] and non-electrolysed) prepared from four different inorganic ion combinations: 1 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>, 1 µm CaCl<sub>2</sub> and 1 mM MgCl<sub>2</sub> (CaMg, hereafter), 1 mM MgCl<sub>2</sub> and 1 mM NaCl to invigorate controlled deteriorated (CDd) <i>Brassica</i><i>oleracea</i> (cabbage) and <i>Lactuca</i><i>sativa</i> (lettuce) seeds by assessing germination, vigour and biochemical markers (electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation products, protein carbonylation, and defence and germination associated enzymes) of oxidative stress. Additionally, the possible effects of pH of electrolysed CaMg and NaCl solutions were assessed. The inorganic salt solutions were applied to fresh seeds and seeds deteriorated to 75% viability (P75), 50% viability (P50) and 25% viability (P25); deionised water served as control. The pre-hydration treatment did not enhance normal seedling production in cabbage. However, Ca-containing and CW hydration treatments (CaCl<sub>2</sub> CW, CaMg and CaMg CW [6.5], MgCl<sub>2</sub> CW, NaCl CW and NaCl CW [6.5]) promoted normal seedling production of CDd lettuce seeds, while seedling vigour was enhanced by CaMg, CaMg CW (6.5), NaCl CW and NaCl CW (6.5) in CDd cabbage seeds, and CaCl<sub>2</sub>, CaCl<sub>2</sub> CW, CaMg, CaMg CW (6.5), MgCl<sub>2</sub> CW, NaCl CW and NaCl CW (6.5) in CDd lettuce seeds. The supplementation of Ca, a component of the ionised solutes, and/or the reducing potential of CW contributed to increased normal seedling production in lettuce seeds irrespective of the pH of treatment solutions or degree of deterioration. Overall, the pre-hydration treatments enhanced endogenous antioxidants leading to reduced levels of electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and enhanced germination enzyme activities in lettuce seeds. The study concluded that pre-hydration with selected inorganic salt solutions can invigorate debilitated lettuce seeds.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/9/1164controlled deteriorationlipid peroxidationelectrolysed and non-electrolysed inorganic ionsgerminationvigour |
| spellingShingle | Ademola Emmanuel Adetunji Sershen Boby Varghese Norman W. Pammenter Effects of Inorganic Salt Solutions on Vigour, Viability, Oxidative Metabolism and Germination Enzymes in Aged Cabbage and Lettuce Seeds Plants controlled deterioration lipid peroxidation electrolysed and non-electrolysed inorganic ions germination vigour |
| title | Effects of Inorganic Salt Solutions on Vigour, Viability, Oxidative Metabolism and Germination Enzymes in Aged Cabbage and Lettuce Seeds |
| title_full | Effects of Inorganic Salt Solutions on Vigour, Viability, Oxidative Metabolism and Germination Enzymes in Aged Cabbage and Lettuce Seeds |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Inorganic Salt Solutions on Vigour, Viability, Oxidative Metabolism and Germination Enzymes in Aged Cabbage and Lettuce Seeds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Inorganic Salt Solutions on Vigour, Viability, Oxidative Metabolism and Germination Enzymes in Aged Cabbage and Lettuce Seeds |
| title_short | Effects of Inorganic Salt Solutions on Vigour, Viability, Oxidative Metabolism and Germination Enzymes in Aged Cabbage and Lettuce Seeds |
| title_sort | effects of inorganic salt solutions on vigour viability oxidative metabolism and germination enzymes in aged cabbage and lettuce seeds |
| topic | controlled deterioration lipid peroxidation electrolysed and non-electrolysed inorganic ions germination vigour |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/9/1164 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ademolaemmanueladetunji effectsofinorganicsaltsolutionsonvigourviabilityoxidativemetabolismandgerminationenzymesinagedcabbageandlettuceseeds AT sershen effectsofinorganicsaltsolutionsonvigourviabilityoxidativemetabolismandgerminationenzymesinagedcabbageandlettuceseeds AT bobyvarghese effectsofinorganicsaltsolutionsonvigourviabilityoxidativemetabolismandgerminationenzymesinagedcabbageandlettuceseeds AT normanwpammenter effectsofinorganicsaltsolutionsonvigourviabilityoxidativemetabolismandgerminationenzymesinagedcabbageandlettuceseeds |