Gut Microbiome Prolongs an Inhibitory Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Mouse Obesity
Although the anti-obesity effect of Korean red ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> Meyer) has been revealed, its underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Here, we demonstrate an involvement of gut microbiome in the inhibitory effect of Korean red ginseng on high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/3/926 |
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| author | Seo Yeon Lee Hyun Gyun Yuk Seong Gyu Ko Sung-Gook Cho Gi-Seong Moon |
| author_facet | Seo Yeon Lee Hyun Gyun Yuk Seong Gyu Ko Sung-Gook Cho Gi-Seong Moon |
| author_sort | Seo Yeon Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although the anti-obesity effect of Korean red ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> Meyer) has been revealed, its underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Here, we demonstrate an involvement of gut microbiome in the inhibitory effect of Korean red ginseng on high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced mouse obesity, and further provides information on the effects of saponin-containing red ginseng extract (SGE) and saponin-depleted red ginseng extract (GE). Mice were fed with either SGE or GE every third day for one month, and their food intakes, fat weights, plasma glucose, and insulin and leptin levels were measured. Immunofluorescence assays were conducted to measure pancreatic islet size. Stools from the mice were subjected to metagenomic analysis. Both SGE and GE attenuated HFD-induced gain of body weight, reducing HFD-induced increase of food intakes and fat weights. They also reduced HFD-increased plasma glucose, insulin, and leptin levels, decreased both fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations, and improved both insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Immunofluorescence assays revealed that they blocked HFD-induced increase of pancreatic islet size. Our pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3 region from stools revealed that both SGE and GE modulated HFD-altered composition of gut microbiota. Therefore, we conclude that Korean red ginseng inhibits HFD-induced obesity and diabetes by altering gut microbiome. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:17:22Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:17:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
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| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-5cf1812cbe4c4bf3b5c4640e3eb5a62c2023-11-21T10:17:08ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-03-0113392610.3390/nu13030926Gut Microbiome Prolongs an Inhibitory Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Mouse ObesitySeo Yeon Lee0Hyun Gyun Yuk1Seong Gyu Ko2Sung-Gook Cho3Gi-Seong Moon4Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong, Chungbuk 27909, KoreaDepartment of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong, Chungbuk 27909, KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong, Chungbuk 27909, KoreaAlthough the anti-obesity effect of Korean red ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> Meyer) has been revealed, its underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Here, we demonstrate an involvement of gut microbiome in the inhibitory effect of Korean red ginseng on high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced mouse obesity, and further provides information on the effects of saponin-containing red ginseng extract (SGE) and saponin-depleted red ginseng extract (GE). Mice were fed with either SGE or GE every third day for one month, and their food intakes, fat weights, plasma glucose, and insulin and leptin levels were measured. Immunofluorescence assays were conducted to measure pancreatic islet size. Stools from the mice were subjected to metagenomic analysis. Both SGE and GE attenuated HFD-induced gain of body weight, reducing HFD-induced increase of food intakes and fat weights. They also reduced HFD-increased plasma glucose, insulin, and leptin levels, decreased both fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations, and improved both insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Immunofluorescence assays revealed that they blocked HFD-induced increase of pancreatic islet size. Our pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3 region from stools revealed that both SGE and GE modulated HFD-altered composition of gut microbiota. Therefore, we conclude that Korean red ginseng inhibits HFD-induced obesity and diabetes by altering gut microbiome.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/3/926gut microbiomeobesityhigh-fat dietKorean red ginsengsaponin |
| spellingShingle | Seo Yeon Lee Hyun Gyun Yuk Seong Gyu Ko Sung-Gook Cho Gi-Seong Moon Gut Microbiome Prolongs an Inhibitory Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Mouse Obesity Nutrients gut microbiome obesity high-fat diet Korean red ginseng saponin |
| title | Gut Microbiome Prolongs an Inhibitory Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Mouse Obesity |
| title_full | Gut Microbiome Prolongs an Inhibitory Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Mouse Obesity |
| title_fullStr | Gut Microbiome Prolongs an Inhibitory Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Mouse Obesity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gut Microbiome Prolongs an Inhibitory Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Mouse Obesity |
| title_short | Gut Microbiome Prolongs an Inhibitory Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Mouse Obesity |
| title_sort | gut microbiome prolongs an inhibitory effect of korean red ginseng on high fat diet induced mouse obesity |
| topic | gut microbiome obesity high-fat diet Korean red ginseng saponin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/3/926 |
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