CD1d- and MR1-restricted T Cells in Sepsis
Dysregulated immune responses to infection such as those encountered in sepsis can be catastrophic. Sepsis is typically triggered by an overwhelming systemic response to an infectious agent(s) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality even under optimal critical care. Recent studies have i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00401/full |
| _version_ | 1818025930407280640 |
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| author | Peter A. Szabo Ram V. Anantha Ram V. Anantha Christopher R. Shaler John K. McCormick S.M. Mansour eHaeryfar S.M. Mansour eHaeryfar |
| author_facet | Peter A. Szabo Ram V. Anantha Ram V. Anantha Christopher R. Shaler John K. McCormick S.M. Mansour eHaeryfar S.M. Mansour eHaeryfar |
| author_sort | Peter A. Szabo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dysregulated immune responses to infection such as those encountered in sepsis can be catastrophic. Sepsis is typically triggered by an overwhelming systemic response to an infectious agent(s) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality even under optimal critical care. Recent studies have implicated unconventional, innate-like T lymphocytes, including CD1d- and MR1-restricted T cells as effectors and/or regulators of inflammatory responses during sepsis. These cell types are typified by invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, variant NKT (vNKT) cells and mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. iNKT and vNKT cells are CD1d-restricted, lipid-reactive cells with remarkable immunoregulatory properties. MAIT cells participate in antimicrobial defense, and are restricted by MHC-related protein 1 (MR1), which displays microbe-derived vitamin B metabolites. Importantly, NKT and MAIT cells are rapid and potent producers of immunomodulatory cytokines. Therefore, they may be considered attractive targets during the early, hyperinflammatory phase of sepsis when immediate interventions are urgently needed, and also in later phases when adjuvant immunotherapies could potentially reverse the dangerous state of immunosuppression. We will highlight recent findings that point to the significance or the therapeutic potentials of NKT and MAIT cells in sepsis and will also discuss what lies ahead in research in this area. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T04:23:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5cf26b73b2be411ea78a2f621ad88ffd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T04:23:56Z |
| publishDate | 2015-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-5cf26b73b2be411ea78a2f621ad88ffd2022-12-22T02:02:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242015-08-01610.3389/fimmu.2015.00401155193CD1d- and MR1-restricted T Cells in SepsisPeter A. Szabo0Ram V. Anantha1Ram V. Anantha2Christopher R. Shaler3John K. McCormick4S.M. Mansour eHaeryfar5S.M. Mansour eHaeryfar6Western UniversityWestern UniversityWestern UniversityWestern UniversityWestern UniversityWestern UniversityWestern UniversityDysregulated immune responses to infection such as those encountered in sepsis can be catastrophic. Sepsis is typically triggered by an overwhelming systemic response to an infectious agent(s) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality even under optimal critical care. Recent studies have implicated unconventional, innate-like T lymphocytes, including CD1d- and MR1-restricted T cells as effectors and/or regulators of inflammatory responses during sepsis. These cell types are typified by invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, variant NKT (vNKT) cells and mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. iNKT and vNKT cells are CD1d-restricted, lipid-reactive cells with remarkable immunoregulatory properties. MAIT cells participate in antimicrobial defense, and are restricted by MHC-related protein 1 (MR1), which displays microbe-derived vitamin B metabolites. Importantly, NKT and MAIT cells are rapid and potent producers of immunomodulatory cytokines. Therefore, they may be considered attractive targets during the early, hyperinflammatory phase of sepsis when immediate interventions are urgently needed, and also in later phases when adjuvant immunotherapies could potentially reverse the dangerous state of immunosuppression. We will highlight recent findings that point to the significance or the therapeutic potentials of NKT and MAIT cells in sepsis and will also discuss what lies ahead in research in this area.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00401/fullInfectionSepsisLPSCD1dMR1alpha-galactosylceramide |
| spellingShingle | Peter A. Szabo Ram V. Anantha Ram V. Anantha Christopher R. Shaler John K. McCormick S.M. Mansour eHaeryfar S.M. Mansour eHaeryfar CD1d- and MR1-restricted T Cells in Sepsis Frontiers in Immunology Infection Sepsis LPS CD1d MR1 alpha-galactosylceramide |
| title | CD1d- and MR1-restricted T Cells in Sepsis |
| title_full | CD1d- and MR1-restricted T Cells in Sepsis |
| title_fullStr | CD1d- and MR1-restricted T Cells in Sepsis |
| title_full_unstemmed | CD1d- and MR1-restricted T Cells in Sepsis |
| title_short | CD1d- and MR1-restricted T Cells in Sepsis |
| title_sort | cd1d and mr1 restricted t cells in sepsis |
| topic | Infection Sepsis LPS CD1d MR1 alpha-galactosylceramide |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00401/full |
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