An Accurate Bioimpedance Measurement System for Blood Pressure Monitoring
One potential method to estimate noninvasive cuffless blood pressure (BP) is through measurement of pulse wave velocity (PWV), which can be characterized by measuring the distance and the transit time of the pulse between two arterial sites. To obtain the pulse waveform, bioimpedance (BI) measuremen...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2018-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2095 |
| _version_ | 1811186051703635968 |
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| author | Toan Huu Huynh Roozbeh Jafari Wan-Young Chung |
| author_facet | Toan Huu Huynh Roozbeh Jafari Wan-Young Chung |
| author_sort | Toan Huu Huynh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One potential method to estimate noninvasive cuffless blood pressure (BP) is through measurement of pulse wave velocity (PWV), which can be characterized by measuring the distance and the transit time of the pulse between two arterial sites. To obtain the pulse waveform, bioimpedance (BI) measurement is a promising approach because it continuously reflects the change in BP through the change in the arterial cross-sectional area. Several studies have investigated BI channels in a vertical direction with electrodes located along the wrist and the finger to calculate PWV and convert to BP; however, the measurement systems were relatively large in size. In order to reduce the total device size for use in a PWV-based BP smartwatch, this study proposes and examines a horizontal BI structure. The BI device is also designed to apply in a very small body area. Our proposed structure is based on two sets of four-electrode BI interface attached around the wrist. The effectiveness of our system and approach is evaluated on 15 human subjects; the PWV values are obtained with various distances between two BI channels to assess the efficacy. The results show that our BI system can monitor pulse rate efficiently in only a 0.5 × 1.75 cm2 area of the body. The correlation of pulse rate from the proposed design against the reference is 0.98 ± 0.07 (p < 0.001). Our structure yields higher detection ratios for PWV measurements of 99.0 ± 2.2%, 99.0 ± 2.1%, and 94.8 ± 3.7% at 1, 2, and 3 cm between two BI channels, respectively. The measured PWVs correlate well with the BP standard device at 0.81 ± 0.08 and 0.84 ± 0.07 with low root-mean-squared-errors at 7.47 ± 2.15 mmHg and 5.17 ± 1.81 mmHg for SBP and DBP, respectively. Our results inform future designs of smart watches capable of measuring blood pressure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:39:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5cf2b3d954b3405e99112651e92b70ba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:39:45Z |
| publishDate | 2018-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-5cf2b3d954b3405e99112651e92b70ba2022-12-22T04:21:18ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202018-06-01187209510.3390/s18072095s18072095An Accurate Bioimpedance Measurement System for Blood Pressure MonitoringToan Huu Huynh0Roozbeh Jafari1Wan-Young Chung2Department of Electronic Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, KoreaDepartments of Biomedical Engineering, Computer Science and Engineering, and Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Electronic Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, KoreaOne potential method to estimate noninvasive cuffless blood pressure (BP) is through measurement of pulse wave velocity (PWV), which can be characterized by measuring the distance and the transit time of the pulse between two arterial sites. To obtain the pulse waveform, bioimpedance (BI) measurement is a promising approach because it continuously reflects the change in BP through the change in the arterial cross-sectional area. Several studies have investigated BI channels in a vertical direction with electrodes located along the wrist and the finger to calculate PWV and convert to BP; however, the measurement systems were relatively large in size. In order to reduce the total device size for use in a PWV-based BP smartwatch, this study proposes and examines a horizontal BI structure. The BI device is also designed to apply in a very small body area. Our proposed structure is based on two sets of four-electrode BI interface attached around the wrist. The effectiveness of our system and approach is evaluated on 15 human subjects; the PWV values are obtained with various distances between two BI channels to assess the efficacy. The results show that our BI system can monitor pulse rate efficiently in only a 0.5 × 1.75 cm2 area of the body. The correlation of pulse rate from the proposed design against the reference is 0.98 ± 0.07 (p < 0.001). Our structure yields higher detection ratios for PWV measurements of 99.0 ± 2.2%, 99.0 ± 2.1%, and 94.8 ± 3.7% at 1, 2, and 3 cm between two BI channels, respectively. The measured PWVs correlate well with the BP standard device at 0.81 ± 0.08 and 0.84 ± 0.07 with low root-mean-squared-errors at 7.47 ± 2.15 mmHg and 5.17 ± 1.81 mmHg for SBP and DBP, respectively. Our results inform future designs of smart watches capable of measuring blood pressure.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2095blood pressurebioimpedancepulse wave velocitypulse transit timewearable structure |
| spellingShingle | Toan Huu Huynh Roozbeh Jafari Wan-Young Chung An Accurate Bioimpedance Measurement System for Blood Pressure Monitoring Sensors blood pressure bioimpedance pulse wave velocity pulse transit time wearable structure |
| title | An Accurate Bioimpedance Measurement System for Blood Pressure Monitoring |
| title_full | An Accurate Bioimpedance Measurement System for Blood Pressure Monitoring |
| title_fullStr | An Accurate Bioimpedance Measurement System for Blood Pressure Monitoring |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Accurate Bioimpedance Measurement System for Blood Pressure Monitoring |
| title_short | An Accurate Bioimpedance Measurement System for Blood Pressure Monitoring |
| title_sort | accurate bioimpedance measurement system for blood pressure monitoring |
| topic | blood pressure bioimpedance pulse wave velocity pulse transit time wearable structure |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2095 |
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