Cytochrome P450s-Involved Enhanced Metabolism Contributes to the High Level of Nicosulfuron Resistance in <i>Digitaria sanguinalis</i> from China
Large crabgrass (<i>Digitaria sanguinalis</i> (L.) Scop.) is one of the major malignant grass weeds in Chinese maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) fields, and it has recently developed resistance to the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide nicosulfuron. This study focused...
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/9/1192 |
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| author | Xumiao Wang Wei Hu Yuxi Li Minghao Jiang Ning Zhao Haiqun Cao Min Liao |
| author_facet | Xumiao Wang Wei Hu Yuxi Li Minghao Jiang Ning Zhao Haiqun Cao Min Liao |
| author_sort | Xumiao Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Large crabgrass (<i>Digitaria sanguinalis</i> (L.) Scop.) is one of the major malignant grass weeds in Chinese maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) fields, and it has recently developed resistance to the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide nicosulfuron. This study focused on a suspected nicosulfuron-resistant (R) population (LJ-01) of <i>D. sanguinalis</i>, collected from Lujiang County in Anhui Province, China, to explore the resistance level and potential resistance mechanism. Whole-plant dose–response testing confirmed that the LJ-01 population evolved a high level of resistance to nicosulfuron (11.5-fold) compared to the susceptible (S) population, DY-02. The <i>ALS</i> gene sequencing and relative expression assay of the R plants indicated that target gene mutation and overexpression were not responsible for the resistance phenotype. However, pretreatment with malathion, a known cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) inhibitor, alleviated the resistance of the R population to nicosulfuron by approximately 36%. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that the R plants metabolized nicosulfuron faster than the S plants. Moreover, cross-resistance testing suggested that the R population exhibited low levels of resistance to thifensulfuron-methyl and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, but it remained susceptible to rimsulfuron. Multiple resistance patterns showed that the R population evolved low resistance to the photosystem inhibitors bromoxynil octanoate and atrazine and sensitivity to the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor cyhalofop-butyl and the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors tembotrione, mesotrione, and topramezone. This study reports, for the first time, the simultaneous resistance to ALS and different photosystem inhibitors in <i>D. sanguinalis</i>. The nicosulfuron resistance observed in the R population could primarily be attributed to an enhanced metabolism involving P450 enzymes. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5cf500017aae456b900a9a7f1122bd762023-11-19T09:38:19ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372023-08-01129119210.3390/biology12091192Cytochrome P450s-Involved Enhanced Metabolism Contributes to the High Level of Nicosulfuron Resistance in <i>Digitaria sanguinalis</i> from ChinaXumiao Wang0Wei Hu1Yuxi Li2Minghao Jiang3Ning Zhao4Haiqun Cao5Min Liao6Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaLarge crabgrass (<i>Digitaria sanguinalis</i> (L.) Scop.) is one of the major malignant grass weeds in Chinese maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) fields, and it has recently developed resistance to the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide nicosulfuron. This study focused on a suspected nicosulfuron-resistant (R) population (LJ-01) of <i>D. sanguinalis</i>, collected from Lujiang County in Anhui Province, China, to explore the resistance level and potential resistance mechanism. Whole-plant dose–response testing confirmed that the LJ-01 population evolved a high level of resistance to nicosulfuron (11.5-fold) compared to the susceptible (S) population, DY-02. The <i>ALS</i> gene sequencing and relative expression assay of the R plants indicated that target gene mutation and overexpression were not responsible for the resistance phenotype. However, pretreatment with malathion, a known cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) inhibitor, alleviated the resistance of the R population to nicosulfuron by approximately 36%. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that the R plants metabolized nicosulfuron faster than the S plants. Moreover, cross-resistance testing suggested that the R population exhibited low levels of resistance to thifensulfuron-methyl and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, but it remained susceptible to rimsulfuron. Multiple resistance patterns showed that the R population evolved low resistance to the photosystem inhibitors bromoxynil octanoate and atrazine and sensitivity to the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor cyhalofop-butyl and the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors tembotrione, mesotrione, and topramezone. This study reports, for the first time, the simultaneous resistance to ALS and different photosystem inhibitors in <i>D. sanguinalis</i>. The nicosulfuron resistance observed in the R population could primarily be attributed to an enhanced metabolism involving P450 enzymes.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/9/1192<i>Digitaria sanguinalis</i>nicosulfuroncross- and multiple resistanceP450smetabolic resistance |
| spellingShingle | Xumiao Wang Wei Hu Yuxi Li Minghao Jiang Ning Zhao Haiqun Cao Min Liao Cytochrome P450s-Involved Enhanced Metabolism Contributes to the High Level of Nicosulfuron Resistance in <i>Digitaria sanguinalis</i> from China Biology <i>Digitaria sanguinalis</i> nicosulfuron cross- and multiple resistance P450s metabolic resistance |
| title | Cytochrome P450s-Involved Enhanced Metabolism Contributes to the High Level of Nicosulfuron Resistance in <i>Digitaria sanguinalis</i> from China |
| title_full | Cytochrome P450s-Involved Enhanced Metabolism Contributes to the High Level of Nicosulfuron Resistance in <i>Digitaria sanguinalis</i> from China |
| title_fullStr | Cytochrome P450s-Involved Enhanced Metabolism Contributes to the High Level of Nicosulfuron Resistance in <i>Digitaria sanguinalis</i> from China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytochrome P450s-Involved Enhanced Metabolism Contributes to the High Level of Nicosulfuron Resistance in <i>Digitaria sanguinalis</i> from China |
| title_short | Cytochrome P450s-Involved Enhanced Metabolism Contributes to the High Level of Nicosulfuron Resistance in <i>Digitaria sanguinalis</i> from China |
| title_sort | cytochrome p450s involved enhanced metabolism contributes to the high level of nicosulfuron resistance in i digitaria sanguinalis i from china |
| topic | <i>Digitaria sanguinalis</i> nicosulfuron cross- and multiple resistance P450s metabolic resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/9/1192 |
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