Moisture Content and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Waste Pellets for Fuel and/or Water Remediation Applications
The current research is focused on the mutual comparison (mechanical properties, response to humidity) of agro-waste composite materials. The purpose of this work is directed at the valorization of agro-waste biomass products and to investigate their mechanical stability for transport or other appli...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Composites Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/7/3/100 |
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| author | Yuriy A. Anisimov Bernd G. K. Steiger Duncan E. Cree Lee D. Wilson |
| author_facet | Yuriy A. Anisimov Bernd G. K. Steiger Duncan E. Cree Lee D. Wilson |
| author_sort | Yuriy A. Anisimov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The current research is focused on the mutual comparison (mechanical properties, response to humidity) of agro-waste composite materials. The purpose of this work is directed at the valorization of agro-waste biomass products and to investigate their mechanical stability for transport or other applications (in dry and wet states). Three different types of agro-waste (oat hull (Oh), torrefied wheat straw (S), and spent coffee grounds (SCG)) were blended with kaolinite (K) and chitosan (CHT) at variable weight ratios to yield ternary composites. Mechanical properties were represented by measuring hardness (in compression mode) and elastic modulus (under tension mode). Young’s (elastic) modulus was measured both for dried and hydrated samples. The pelletized materials were prepared in two forms: crosslinked (CL) with epichlorohydrin and non-crosslinked (NCL). The hardness of the Oh pellets was poor (75 N) and decreased by four times with greater agro-waste content, while crosslinking affected the hardness only slightly. S pellets had the highest level of hardness at 40% agro-waste content (160 N), with a concomitant decrease to 120 N upon crosslinking. SCG pellets had the least change in hardness for both CL and NCL specimens (105–120 N). The trends of Young’s modulus were similar to hardness. Hydration caused the elastic modulus to decrease ca. 100-fold. In general, S and SCG composites exhibit the greatest hardness and Young’s modulus compared to Oh composites (CL or NCL) in their dry state. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:22:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5cf8da76e7344201b7eb0dad084c72de |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2504-477X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:22:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Composites Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-5cf8da76e7344201b7eb0dad084c72de2023-11-17T11:53:13ZengMDPI AGJournal of Composites Science2504-477X2023-03-017310010.3390/jcs7030100Moisture Content and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Waste Pellets for Fuel and/or Water Remediation ApplicationsYuriy A. Anisimov0Bernd G. K. Steiger1Duncan E. Cree2Lee D. Wilson3Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, CanadaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, CanadaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, CanadaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, CanadaThe current research is focused on the mutual comparison (mechanical properties, response to humidity) of agro-waste composite materials. The purpose of this work is directed at the valorization of agro-waste biomass products and to investigate their mechanical stability for transport or other applications (in dry and wet states). Three different types of agro-waste (oat hull (Oh), torrefied wheat straw (S), and spent coffee grounds (SCG)) were blended with kaolinite (K) and chitosan (CHT) at variable weight ratios to yield ternary composites. Mechanical properties were represented by measuring hardness (in compression mode) and elastic modulus (under tension mode). Young’s (elastic) modulus was measured both for dried and hydrated samples. The pelletized materials were prepared in two forms: crosslinked (CL) with epichlorohydrin and non-crosslinked (NCL). The hardness of the Oh pellets was poor (75 N) and decreased by four times with greater agro-waste content, while crosslinking affected the hardness only slightly. S pellets had the highest level of hardness at 40% agro-waste content (160 N), with a concomitant decrease to 120 N upon crosslinking. SCG pellets had the least change in hardness for both CL and NCL specimens (105–120 N). The trends of Young’s modulus were similar to hardness. Hydration caused the elastic modulus to decrease ca. 100-fold. In general, S and SCG composites exhibit the greatest hardness and Young’s modulus compared to Oh composites (CL or NCL) in their dry state.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/7/3/100densityYoung’s moduluschitosankaolinitepelletsternary composites |
| spellingShingle | Yuriy A. Anisimov Bernd G. K. Steiger Duncan E. Cree Lee D. Wilson Moisture Content and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Waste Pellets for Fuel and/or Water Remediation Applications Journal of Composites Science density Young’s modulus chitosan kaolinite pellets ternary composites |
| title | Moisture Content and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Waste Pellets for Fuel and/or Water Remediation Applications |
| title_full | Moisture Content and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Waste Pellets for Fuel and/or Water Remediation Applications |
| title_fullStr | Moisture Content and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Waste Pellets for Fuel and/or Water Remediation Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Moisture Content and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Waste Pellets for Fuel and/or Water Remediation Applications |
| title_short | Moisture Content and Mechanical Properties of Bio-Waste Pellets for Fuel and/or Water Remediation Applications |
| title_sort | moisture content and mechanical properties of bio waste pellets for fuel and or water remediation applications |
| topic | density Young’s modulus chitosan kaolinite pellets ternary composites |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/7/3/100 |
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