Compact Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for Practical Vernier Effect Sensing System With High Extinction Ratio
Recently, Vernier effect is introduced into fiber optic interferometric sensors to enhance the sensitivity. To achieve a high-quality of the Vernier spectrum, the match of the free spectral range (FSR) and the extinction ratio (ER) in two arms is required. Furthermore, the reference arm should be de...
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| Format: | Article |
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IEEE
2022-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Photonics Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9786800/ |
| _version_ | 1818238923574345728 |
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| author | Maolin Dai Xuanyi Liu Zhenmin Chen Yuanfang Zhao M. S. Aruna Gandhi Qian Li H. Y. Fu |
| author_facet | Maolin Dai Xuanyi Liu Zhenmin Chen Yuanfang Zhao M. S. Aruna Gandhi Qian Li H. Y. Fu |
| author_sort | Maolin Dai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recently, Vernier effect is introduced into fiber optic interferometric sensors to enhance the sensitivity. To achieve a high-quality of the Vernier spectrum, the match of the free spectral range (FSR) and the extinction ratio (ER) in two arms is required. Furthermore, the reference arm should be designed to be different from the sensing arm to avoid crosstalk. In this work, a compact in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) by sandwiching a hollow capillary fiber (HCF) between two sections of no-core fiber (NCF) is proposed for the reference arm in Vernier effect based sensing system. FSR of the in-line MZI can be tuned by modulating the length of the HCF, while the ER can remain high up to ∼20 dB, which is equivalent to that of the polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) based interferometers. Experimental results show that the MZI exhibits low sensitivity to temperature, strain, refractive index (RI) and torsion. When employed as the reference arm cascaded with PMF Sagnac interferometer (SI), the upper and lower envelope are with high extinction ratio (ER). The proposed MZI is a promising candidate for the reference arm in Vernier effect based sensing system with the merits of compact size, good spectral characteristics and insensitivity to ambient environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T12:49:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5d0ed43f1e9848dea320d60dacbfe784 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1943-0655 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T12:49:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| series | IEEE Photonics Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-5d0ed43f1e9848dea320d60dacbfe7842022-12-22T00:24:01ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552022-01-011431610.1109/JPHOT.2022.31798999786800Compact Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for Practical Vernier Effect Sensing System With High Extinction RatioMaolin Dai0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8809-0925Xuanyi Liu1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7542-3882Zhenmin Chen2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-3727Yuanfang Zhao3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-9395M. S. Aruna Gandhi4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1072-999XQian Li5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2396-7041H. Y. Fu6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4276-0011Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, ChinaTsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, ChinaPeng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, ChinaTsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, ChinaSchool of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, ChinaSchool of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, ChinaTsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, ChinaRecently, Vernier effect is introduced into fiber optic interferometric sensors to enhance the sensitivity. To achieve a high-quality of the Vernier spectrum, the match of the free spectral range (FSR) and the extinction ratio (ER) in two arms is required. Furthermore, the reference arm should be designed to be different from the sensing arm to avoid crosstalk. In this work, a compact in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) by sandwiching a hollow capillary fiber (HCF) between two sections of no-core fiber (NCF) is proposed for the reference arm in Vernier effect based sensing system. FSR of the in-line MZI can be tuned by modulating the length of the HCF, while the ER can remain high up to ∼20 dB, which is equivalent to that of the polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) based interferometers. Experimental results show that the MZI exhibits low sensitivity to temperature, strain, refractive index (RI) and torsion. When employed as the reference arm cascaded with PMF Sagnac interferometer (SI), the upper and lower envelope are with high extinction ratio (ER). The proposed MZI is a promising candidate for the reference arm in Vernier effect based sensing system with the merits of compact size, good spectral characteristics and insensitivity to ambient environment.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9786800/Optical fiber sensorsmach-zehnder interfero- metersvernier effect |
| spellingShingle | Maolin Dai Xuanyi Liu Zhenmin Chen Yuanfang Zhao M. S. Aruna Gandhi Qian Li H. Y. Fu Compact Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for Practical Vernier Effect Sensing System With High Extinction Ratio IEEE Photonics Journal Optical fiber sensors mach-zehnder interfero- meters vernier effect |
| title | Compact Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for Practical Vernier Effect Sensing System With High Extinction Ratio |
| title_full | Compact Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for Practical Vernier Effect Sensing System With High Extinction Ratio |
| title_fullStr | Compact Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for Practical Vernier Effect Sensing System With High Extinction Ratio |
| title_full_unstemmed | Compact Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for Practical Vernier Effect Sensing System With High Extinction Ratio |
| title_short | Compact Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for Practical Vernier Effect Sensing System With High Extinction Ratio |
| title_sort | compact mach zehnder interferometer for practical vernier effect sensing system with high extinction ratio |
| topic | Optical fiber sensors mach-zehnder interfero- meters vernier effect |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9786800/ |
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