Monitoring the Hydration Process in Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Cement-Based Composites Using Nonlinear Elastic Waves
There is currently an increased need for associating construction material properties and behavior with the nature of their microstructure. One of the major issues in this context is the need for understanding the curing process in freshly poured cement-based materials. This is particularly importan...
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/4/1720 |
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| author | Ilias K. Tragazikis Theodoti Z. Kordatou Dimitrios A. Exarchos Panagiota T. Dalla Theodore E. Matikas |
| author_facet | Ilias K. Tragazikis Theodoti Z. Kordatou Dimitrios A. Exarchos Panagiota T. Dalla Theodore E. Matikas |
| author_sort | Ilias K. Tragazikis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is currently an increased need for associating construction material properties and behavior with the nature of their microstructure. One of the major issues in this context is the need for understanding the curing process in freshly poured cement-based materials. This is particularly important when nanoreinforcement materials, such as carbon nanotubes, are used to enhance the mechanical behavior and multifunctionality of the final structure. The solidification point, at which the state of liquid suspension transmutes to the solid state, is of particular interest since it greatly influences the load-bearing capacity of the cement-based material and its structural behavior at the long term. The main purpose of the present work is to develop a reliable method for monitoring the hydration process during the early stages of freshly poured cementitious composites enhanced with carbon nanotubes. This methodology is based on the use of nonlinear elastic waves. To achieve this goal, a combination of contact ultrasonics with noncontact optical detection was used. The detection method for evaluating the setting process is based on the assessment of higher-harmonic amplitudes of an ultrasonic wave, with a given frequency, propagating through the cementitious material. It was observed that the material nonlinearity changes significantly during the hardening process, compared to velocity or attenuation measurements which are based on linear acoustics. These changes were more noticeable as the concentration of carbon nanotubes in the cement matrix increases, indicating that higher harmonics are more susceptible to minute microstructural changes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:51:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5d14eeff9cc245a185ecbf6fbe3a0e73 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:51:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-5d14eeff9cc245a185ecbf6fbe3a0e732023-12-11T17:09:51ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-02-01114172010.3390/app11041720Monitoring the Hydration Process in Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Cement-Based Composites Using Nonlinear Elastic WavesIlias K. Tragazikis0Theodoti Z. Kordatou1Dimitrios A. Exarchos2Panagiota T. Dalla3Theodore E. Matikas4Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceThere is currently an increased need for associating construction material properties and behavior with the nature of their microstructure. One of the major issues in this context is the need for understanding the curing process in freshly poured cement-based materials. This is particularly important when nanoreinforcement materials, such as carbon nanotubes, are used to enhance the mechanical behavior and multifunctionality of the final structure. The solidification point, at which the state of liquid suspension transmutes to the solid state, is of particular interest since it greatly influences the load-bearing capacity of the cement-based material and its structural behavior at the long term. The main purpose of the present work is to develop a reliable method for monitoring the hydration process during the early stages of freshly poured cementitious composites enhanced with carbon nanotubes. This methodology is based on the use of nonlinear elastic waves. To achieve this goal, a combination of contact ultrasonics with noncontact optical detection was used. The detection method for evaluating the setting process is based on the assessment of higher-harmonic amplitudes of an ultrasonic wave, with a given frequency, propagating through the cementitious material. It was observed that the material nonlinearity changes significantly during the hardening process, compared to velocity or attenuation measurements which are based on linear acoustics. These changes were more noticeable as the concentration of carbon nanotubes in the cement matrix increases, indicating that higher harmonics are more susceptible to minute microstructural changes.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/4/1720laser doppler vibrometryultrasonicsnonlinear acousticscementitious materialscarbon nanotubeshydration process |
| spellingShingle | Ilias K. Tragazikis Theodoti Z. Kordatou Dimitrios A. Exarchos Panagiota T. Dalla Theodore E. Matikas Monitoring the Hydration Process in Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Cement-Based Composites Using Nonlinear Elastic Waves Applied Sciences laser doppler vibrometry ultrasonics nonlinear acoustics cementitious materials carbon nanotubes hydration process |
| title | Monitoring the Hydration Process in Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Cement-Based Composites Using Nonlinear Elastic Waves |
| title_full | Monitoring the Hydration Process in Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Cement-Based Composites Using Nonlinear Elastic Waves |
| title_fullStr | Monitoring the Hydration Process in Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Cement-Based Composites Using Nonlinear Elastic Waves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monitoring the Hydration Process in Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Cement-Based Composites Using Nonlinear Elastic Waves |
| title_short | Monitoring the Hydration Process in Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Cement-Based Composites Using Nonlinear Elastic Waves |
| title_sort | monitoring the hydration process in carbon nanotube reinforced cement based composites using nonlinear elastic waves |
| topic | laser doppler vibrometry ultrasonics nonlinear acoustics cementitious materials carbon nanotubes hydration process |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/4/1720 |
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