The Effects of Anchor Schemes on Performance Fatigability, Neuromuscular Responses and the Perceived Sensations That Contributed to Task Termination
The present study examined the effect of anchor schemes on the time to task failure (TTF), performance fatigability, neuromuscular responses, and the perceived sensations that contributed to task termination following the sustained, isometric forearm flexion tasks. Eight women completed sustained, i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/8/2/49 |
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| author | Robert W. Smith Terry J. Housh Jocelyn E. Arnett John Paul V. Anders Tyler J. Neltner Dolores G. Ortega Richard J. Schmidt Glen O. Johnson |
| author_facet | Robert W. Smith Terry J. Housh Jocelyn E. Arnett John Paul V. Anders Tyler J. Neltner Dolores G. Ortega Richard J. Schmidt Glen O. Johnson |
| author_sort | Robert W. Smith |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study examined the effect of anchor schemes on the time to task failure (TTF), performance fatigability, neuromuscular responses, and the perceived sensations that contributed to task termination following the sustained, isometric forearm flexion tasks. Eight women completed sustained, isometric forearm flexion tasks anchored to RPE = 8 (RPEFT) and the torque (TRQFT) that corresponded to RPE = 8. The subjects performed pre-test and post-test maximal isometric contractions to quantify performance fatigability and changes in electromyographic amplitude (EMG AMP) and neuromuscular efficiency (NME). In addition, the subjects completed a post-test questionnaire (PTQ) to quantify the contributions of perceived sensations to task termination. Repeated measure ANOVAs were used to assess the mean differences for TTF, performance fatigability, and neuromuscular responses. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests were used to assess the differences between anchor schemes for the average values from the PTQ item scores. For TTF, the RPEFT was longer than the TRQFT (174.9 ± 85.6 vs. 65.6 ± 68.0 s; <i>p</i> = 0.006). Collapsed across the anchor scheme, there were decreases in torque (23.7 ± 5.5 Nm vs. 19.6 ± 4.9 Nm; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and NME (1.00 ± 0.00 vs. 0.76 ± 0.15; <i>p</i> = 0.003). There were no significant (<i>p ></i> 0.577) changes for EMG AMP. For the PTQ, there were no differences (<i>p ></i> 0.05) between anchor schemes. There were, however, inter-individual differences in the response scores. The current findings indicated that performance fatigability was likely due to peripheral fatigue (based on NME), not central fatigue (based on EMG AMP). Furthermore, the use of a PTQ may serve as a simple tool to assess the contributions of perceived sensations to task termination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:17:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5d1ccc4e999d4a568699a043f3141954 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2411-5142 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:17:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-5d1ccc4e999d4a568699a043f31419542023-11-18T11:03:46ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology2411-51422023-04-01824910.3390/jfmk8020049The Effects of Anchor Schemes on Performance Fatigability, Neuromuscular Responses and the Perceived Sensations That Contributed to Task TerminationRobert W. Smith0Terry J. Housh1Jocelyn E. Arnett2John Paul V. Anders3Tyler J. Neltner4Dolores G. Ortega5Richard J. Schmidt6Glen O. Johnson7Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68510, USAExercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68510, USAExercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68510, USAThe Exercise Science Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43017, USAExercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68510, USAExercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68510, USAExercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68510, USAExercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68510, USAThe present study examined the effect of anchor schemes on the time to task failure (TTF), performance fatigability, neuromuscular responses, and the perceived sensations that contributed to task termination following the sustained, isometric forearm flexion tasks. Eight women completed sustained, isometric forearm flexion tasks anchored to RPE = 8 (RPEFT) and the torque (TRQFT) that corresponded to RPE = 8. The subjects performed pre-test and post-test maximal isometric contractions to quantify performance fatigability and changes in electromyographic amplitude (EMG AMP) and neuromuscular efficiency (NME). In addition, the subjects completed a post-test questionnaire (PTQ) to quantify the contributions of perceived sensations to task termination. Repeated measure ANOVAs were used to assess the mean differences for TTF, performance fatigability, and neuromuscular responses. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests were used to assess the differences between anchor schemes for the average values from the PTQ item scores. For TTF, the RPEFT was longer than the TRQFT (174.9 ± 85.6 vs. 65.6 ± 68.0 s; <i>p</i> = 0.006). Collapsed across the anchor scheme, there were decreases in torque (23.7 ± 5.5 Nm vs. 19.6 ± 4.9 Nm; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and NME (1.00 ± 0.00 vs. 0.76 ± 0.15; <i>p</i> = 0.003). There were no significant (<i>p ></i> 0.577) changes for EMG AMP. For the PTQ, there were no differences (<i>p ></i> 0.05) between anchor schemes. There were, however, inter-individual differences in the response scores. The current findings indicated that performance fatigability was likely due to peripheral fatigue (based on NME), not central fatigue (based on EMG AMP). Furthermore, the use of a PTQ may serve as a simple tool to assess the contributions of perceived sensations to task termination.https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/8/2/49fatiguetorqueperceptionexertionanchorelectromyography |
| spellingShingle | Robert W. Smith Terry J. Housh Jocelyn E. Arnett John Paul V. Anders Tyler J. Neltner Dolores G. Ortega Richard J. Schmidt Glen O. Johnson The Effects of Anchor Schemes on Performance Fatigability, Neuromuscular Responses and the Perceived Sensations That Contributed to Task Termination Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology fatigue torque perception exertion anchor electromyography |
| title | The Effects of Anchor Schemes on Performance Fatigability, Neuromuscular Responses and the Perceived Sensations That Contributed to Task Termination |
| title_full | The Effects of Anchor Schemes on Performance Fatigability, Neuromuscular Responses and the Perceived Sensations That Contributed to Task Termination |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of Anchor Schemes on Performance Fatigability, Neuromuscular Responses and the Perceived Sensations That Contributed to Task Termination |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Anchor Schemes on Performance Fatigability, Neuromuscular Responses and the Perceived Sensations That Contributed to Task Termination |
| title_short | The Effects of Anchor Schemes on Performance Fatigability, Neuromuscular Responses and the Perceived Sensations That Contributed to Task Termination |
| title_sort | effects of anchor schemes on performance fatigability neuromuscular responses and the perceived sensations that contributed to task termination |
| topic | fatigue torque perception exertion anchor electromyography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/8/2/49 |
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