Perspectives for Improving the Tumor Targeting of Nanomedicine via the EPR Effect in Clinical Tumors
Over the past few decades, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of nanomedicine has been a crucial phenomenon in targeted cancer therapy. Specifically, understanding the EPR effect has been a significant aspect of delivering anticancer agents efficiently to targeted tumors. Although...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/12/10082 |
| _version_ | 1797594349258670080 |
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| author | Jinseong Kim Hanhee Cho Dong-Kwon Lim Min Kyung Joo Kwangmeyung Kim |
| author_facet | Jinseong Kim Hanhee Cho Dong-Kwon Lim Min Kyung Joo Kwangmeyung Kim |
| author_sort | Jinseong Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Over the past few decades, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of nanomedicine has been a crucial phenomenon in targeted cancer therapy. Specifically, understanding the EPR effect has been a significant aspect of delivering anticancer agents efficiently to targeted tumors. Although the therapeutic effect has been demonstrated in experimental models using mouse xenografts, the clinical translation of the EPR effect of nanomedicine faces several challenges due to dense extracellular matrix (ECM), high interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) levels, and other factors that arise from tumor heterogeneity and complexity. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of the EPR effect of nanomedicine in clinics is essential to overcome the hurdles of the clinical translation of nanomedicine. This paper introduces the basic mechanism of the EPR effect of nanomedicine, the recently discussed challenges of the EPR effect of nanomedicine, and various strategies of recent nanomedicine to overcome the limitations expected from the patients’ tumor microenvironments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:21:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5d292e49906f4f0c8e40fb41ea077842 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:21:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-5d292e49906f4f0c8e40fb41ea0778422023-11-18T10:48:19ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-06-0124121008210.3390/ijms241210082Perspectives for Improving the Tumor Targeting of Nanomedicine via the EPR Effect in Clinical TumorsJinseong Kim0Hanhee Cho1Dong-Kwon Lim2Min Kyung Joo3Kwangmeyung Kim4Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul 03760, Republic of KoreaGraduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul 03760, Republic of KoreaKU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of KoreaNoxpharm Co., Ltd., #518, 150, Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03759, Republic of KoreaGraduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul 03760, Republic of KoreaOver the past few decades, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of nanomedicine has been a crucial phenomenon in targeted cancer therapy. Specifically, understanding the EPR effect has been a significant aspect of delivering anticancer agents efficiently to targeted tumors. Although the therapeutic effect has been demonstrated in experimental models using mouse xenografts, the clinical translation of the EPR effect of nanomedicine faces several challenges due to dense extracellular matrix (ECM), high interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) levels, and other factors that arise from tumor heterogeneity and complexity. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of the EPR effect of nanomedicine in clinics is essential to overcome the hurdles of the clinical translation of nanomedicine. This paper introduces the basic mechanism of the EPR effect of nanomedicine, the recently discussed challenges of the EPR effect of nanomedicine, and various strategies of recent nanomedicine to overcome the limitations expected from the patients’ tumor microenvironments.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/12/10082nanomedicineEPR effecttumor microenvironmentsclinical translation |
| spellingShingle | Jinseong Kim Hanhee Cho Dong-Kwon Lim Min Kyung Joo Kwangmeyung Kim Perspectives for Improving the Tumor Targeting of Nanomedicine via the EPR Effect in Clinical Tumors International Journal of Molecular Sciences nanomedicine EPR effect tumor microenvironments clinical translation |
| title | Perspectives for Improving the Tumor Targeting of Nanomedicine via the EPR Effect in Clinical Tumors |
| title_full | Perspectives for Improving the Tumor Targeting of Nanomedicine via the EPR Effect in Clinical Tumors |
| title_fullStr | Perspectives for Improving the Tumor Targeting of Nanomedicine via the EPR Effect in Clinical Tumors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Perspectives for Improving the Tumor Targeting of Nanomedicine via the EPR Effect in Clinical Tumors |
| title_short | Perspectives for Improving the Tumor Targeting of Nanomedicine via the EPR Effect in Clinical Tumors |
| title_sort | perspectives for improving the tumor targeting of nanomedicine via the epr effect in clinical tumors |
| topic | nanomedicine EPR effect tumor microenvironments clinical translation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/12/10082 |
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