Current Status of Neurofeedback for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and the Possibility of Decoded Neurofeedback
Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a neuropsychiatric affective disorder that can develop after traumatic life-events. Exposure-based therapy is currently one of the most effective treatments for PTSD. However, exposure to traumatic stimuli is so aversive that a significant number...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2019.00233/full |
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| author | Toshinori Chiba Toshinori Chiba Tetsufumi Kanazawa Tetsufumi Kanazawa Ai Koizumi Kentarou Ide Kentarou Ide Vincent Taschereau-Dumouchel Vincent Taschereau-Dumouchel Shuken Boku Akitoyo Hishimoto Miyako Shirakawa Ichiro Sora Hakwan Lau Hakwan Lau Hakwan Lau Hakwan Lau Hiroshi Yoneda Mitsuo Kawato Mitsuo Kawato |
| author_facet | Toshinori Chiba Toshinori Chiba Tetsufumi Kanazawa Tetsufumi Kanazawa Ai Koizumi Kentarou Ide Kentarou Ide Vincent Taschereau-Dumouchel Vincent Taschereau-Dumouchel Shuken Boku Akitoyo Hishimoto Miyako Shirakawa Ichiro Sora Hakwan Lau Hakwan Lau Hakwan Lau Hakwan Lau Hiroshi Yoneda Mitsuo Kawato Mitsuo Kawato |
| author_sort | Toshinori Chiba |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a neuropsychiatric affective disorder that can develop after traumatic life-events. Exposure-based therapy is currently one of the most effective treatments for PTSD. However, exposure to traumatic stimuli is so aversive that a significant number of patients drop-out of therapy during the course of treatment. Among various attempts to develop novel therapies that bypass such aversiveness, neurofeedback appears promising. With neurofeedback, patients can unconsciously self-regulate brain activity via real-time monitoring and feedback of the EEG or fMRI signals. With conventional neurofeedback methods, however, it is difficult to induce neural representation related to specific trauma because the feedback is based on the neural signals averaged within specific brain areas. To overcome this difficulty, novel neurofeedback approaches such as Decoded Neurofeedback (DecNef) might prove helpful. Instead of the average BOLD signals, DecNef allows patients to implicitly regulate multivariate voxel patterns of the BOLD signals related with feared stimuli. As such, DecNef effects are postulated to derive either from exposure or counter-conditioning, or some combination of both. Although the exact mechanism is not yet fully understood. DecNef has been successfully applied to reduce fear responses induced either by fear-conditioned or phobic stimuli among non-clinical participants.Methods: Follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was conducted to compare DecNef effect with those of conventional EEG/fMRI-based neurofeedback on PTSD amelioration. To elucidate the possible mechanisms of DecNef on fear reduction, we mathematically modeled the effects of exposure-based and counter conditioning separately and applied it to the data obtained from past DecNef studies. Finally, we conducted DecNef on four PTSD patients. Here, we review recent advances in application of neurofeedback to PTSD treatments, including the DecNef. This review is intended to be informative for neuroscientists in general as well as practitioners planning to use neurofeedback as a therapeutic strategy for PTSD.Results: Our mathematical model suggested that exposure is the key component for DecNef effects in the past studies. Following DecNef a significant reduction of PTSD severity was observed. This effect was comparable to those reported for conventional neurofeedback approach.Conclusions: Although a much larger number of participants will be needed in future, DecNef could be a promising therapy that bypasses the unpleasantness of conscious exposure associated with conventional therapies for fear related disorders, including PTSD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T02:52:39Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5161 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T02:52:39Z |
| publishDate | 2019-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-5d2b83d20c9a46039a4131c46d3c7c6c2022-12-21T19:56:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience1662-51612019-07-011310.3389/fnhum.2019.00233448460Current Status of Neurofeedback for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and the Possibility of Decoded NeurofeedbackToshinori Chiba0Toshinori Chiba1Tetsufumi Kanazawa2Tetsufumi Kanazawa3Ai Koizumi4Kentarou Ide5Kentarou Ide6Vincent Taschereau-Dumouchel7Vincent Taschereau-Dumouchel8Shuken Boku9Akitoyo Hishimoto10Miyako Shirakawa11Ichiro Sora12Hakwan Lau13Hakwan Lau14Hakwan Lau15Hakwan Lau16Hiroshi Yoneda17Mitsuo Kawato18Mitsuo Kawato19Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Department of Decoded Neurofeedback, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, JapanDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, JapanThe Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaSony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc., Tokyo, JapanComputational Neuroscience Laboratories, Department of Decoded Neurofeedback, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, JapanFlower of Light Clinic for Mind and Body, Tokyo, JapanComputational Neuroscience Laboratories, Department of Decoded Neurofeedback, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, JapanDepartment of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, JapanFlower of Light Clinic for Mind and Body, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, JapanComputational Neuroscience Laboratories, Department of Decoded Neurofeedback, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesDepartment of Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesDepartment of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong KongDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, JapanComputational Neuroscience Laboratories, Department of Decoded Neurofeedback, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan0RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Tokyo, JapanBackground: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a neuropsychiatric affective disorder that can develop after traumatic life-events. Exposure-based therapy is currently one of the most effective treatments for PTSD. However, exposure to traumatic stimuli is so aversive that a significant number of patients drop-out of therapy during the course of treatment. Among various attempts to develop novel therapies that bypass such aversiveness, neurofeedback appears promising. With neurofeedback, patients can unconsciously self-regulate brain activity via real-time monitoring and feedback of the EEG or fMRI signals. With conventional neurofeedback methods, however, it is difficult to induce neural representation related to specific trauma because the feedback is based on the neural signals averaged within specific brain areas. To overcome this difficulty, novel neurofeedback approaches such as Decoded Neurofeedback (DecNef) might prove helpful. Instead of the average BOLD signals, DecNef allows patients to implicitly regulate multivariate voxel patterns of the BOLD signals related with feared stimuli. As such, DecNef effects are postulated to derive either from exposure or counter-conditioning, or some combination of both. Although the exact mechanism is not yet fully understood. DecNef has been successfully applied to reduce fear responses induced either by fear-conditioned or phobic stimuli among non-clinical participants.Methods: Follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was conducted to compare DecNef effect with those of conventional EEG/fMRI-based neurofeedback on PTSD amelioration. To elucidate the possible mechanisms of DecNef on fear reduction, we mathematically modeled the effects of exposure-based and counter conditioning separately and applied it to the data obtained from past DecNef studies. Finally, we conducted DecNef on four PTSD patients. Here, we review recent advances in application of neurofeedback to PTSD treatments, including the DecNef. This review is intended to be informative for neuroscientists in general as well as practitioners planning to use neurofeedback as a therapeutic strategy for PTSD.Results: Our mathematical model suggested that exposure is the key component for DecNef effects in the past studies. Following DecNef a significant reduction of PTSD severity was observed. This effect was comparable to those reported for conventional neurofeedback approach.Conclusions: Although a much larger number of participants will be needed in future, DecNef could be a promising therapy that bypasses the unpleasantness of conscious exposure associated with conventional therapies for fear related disorders, including PTSD.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2019.00233/fullPTSDreal-time functional magnetic resonance imagingmulti-voxel decodingfMRI decoded neurofeedback (DecNef)neural reinforcementneuromodulation |
| spellingShingle | Toshinori Chiba Toshinori Chiba Tetsufumi Kanazawa Tetsufumi Kanazawa Ai Koizumi Kentarou Ide Kentarou Ide Vincent Taschereau-Dumouchel Vincent Taschereau-Dumouchel Shuken Boku Akitoyo Hishimoto Miyako Shirakawa Ichiro Sora Hakwan Lau Hakwan Lau Hakwan Lau Hakwan Lau Hiroshi Yoneda Mitsuo Kawato Mitsuo Kawato Current Status of Neurofeedback for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and the Possibility of Decoded Neurofeedback Frontiers in Human Neuroscience PTSD real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging multi-voxel decoding fMRI decoded neurofeedback (DecNef) neural reinforcement neuromodulation |
| title | Current Status of Neurofeedback for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and the Possibility of Decoded Neurofeedback |
| title_full | Current Status of Neurofeedback for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and the Possibility of Decoded Neurofeedback |
| title_fullStr | Current Status of Neurofeedback for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and the Possibility of Decoded Neurofeedback |
| title_full_unstemmed | Current Status of Neurofeedback for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and the Possibility of Decoded Neurofeedback |
| title_short | Current Status of Neurofeedback for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and the Possibility of Decoded Neurofeedback |
| title_sort | current status of neurofeedback for post traumatic stress disorder a systematic review and the possibility of decoded neurofeedback |
| topic | PTSD real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging multi-voxel decoding fMRI decoded neurofeedback (DecNef) neural reinforcement neuromodulation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2019.00233/full |
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