Genetic Variants and Phenotypic Characteristics of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium-Resistant Mutants after Exposure to Carvacrol
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance has raised questions about the safety of essential oils and their individual constituents as food preservatives and as disinfection agents. Further research is required to understand how and under what conditions stable genotypic resistance might occur in fo...
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/6/937 |
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| author | Daniel Berdejo Natalia Merino Elisa Pagán Diego García-Gonzalo Rafael Pagán |
| author_facet | Daniel Berdejo Natalia Merino Elisa Pagán Diego García-Gonzalo Rafael Pagán |
| author_sort | Daniel Berdejo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The emergence of antimicrobial resistance has raised questions about the safety of essential oils and their individual constituents as food preservatives and as disinfection agents. Further research is required to understand how and under what conditions stable genotypic resistance might occur in food pathogens. Evolution experiments on <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium cyclically exposed to sublethal and lethal doses of carvacrol permitted the isolation of SeSCar and SeLCar strains, respectively. Both evolved strains showed a significant increase in carvacrol resistance, assessed by minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations, the study of growth kinetics in the presence of carvacrol, and the evaluation of survival under lethal conditions. Moreover, antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed a development of SeLCar resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. Whole genome sequencing allowed the identification of single nucleotide variations in transcriptional regulators of oxidative stress-response: <i>yfhP</i> in SeSCar and <i>soxR</i> in SeLCar, which could be responsible for the increased resistance by improving the response to carvacrol and preventing its accumulation inside the cell. This study demonstrates the emergence of S. Typhimurium-resistant mutants against carvacrol, which might pose a risk to food safety and should therefore be considered in the design of food preservation strategies, or of cleaning and disinfection treatments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:58:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5d2c0a8d6dd74e5ab0e6da83ce9165ce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:58:13Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-5d2c0a8d6dd74e5ab0e6da83ce9165ce2023-11-20T04:37:34ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072020-06-018693710.3390/microorganisms8060937Genetic Variants and Phenotypic Characteristics of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium-Resistant Mutants after Exposure to CarvacrolDaniel Berdejo0Natalia Merino1Elisa Pagán2Diego García-Gonzalo3Rafael Pagán4Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, SpainDepartamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, SpainDepartamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, SpainDepartamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, SpainDepartamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, SpainThe emergence of antimicrobial resistance has raised questions about the safety of essential oils and their individual constituents as food preservatives and as disinfection agents. Further research is required to understand how and under what conditions stable genotypic resistance might occur in food pathogens. Evolution experiments on <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium cyclically exposed to sublethal and lethal doses of carvacrol permitted the isolation of SeSCar and SeLCar strains, respectively. Both evolved strains showed a significant increase in carvacrol resistance, assessed by minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations, the study of growth kinetics in the presence of carvacrol, and the evaluation of survival under lethal conditions. Moreover, antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed a development of SeLCar resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. Whole genome sequencing allowed the identification of single nucleotide variations in transcriptional regulators of oxidative stress-response: <i>yfhP</i> in SeSCar and <i>soxR</i> in SeLCar, which could be responsible for the increased resistance by improving the response to carvacrol and preventing its accumulation inside the cell. This study demonstrates the emergence of S. Typhimurium-resistant mutants against carvacrol, which might pose a risk to food safety and should therefore be considered in the design of food preservation strategies, or of cleaning and disinfection treatments.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/6/937antimicrobial resistanceevolution assayscarvacrol<i>Salmonella</i> Typhimuriumgenotypic resistanceantibiotics |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Berdejo Natalia Merino Elisa Pagán Diego García-Gonzalo Rafael Pagán Genetic Variants and Phenotypic Characteristics of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium-Resistant Mutants after Exposure to Carvacrol Microorganisms antimicrobial resistance evolution assays carvacrol <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium genotypic resistance antibiotics |
| title | Genetic Variants and Phenotypic Characteristics of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium-Resistant Mutants after Exposure to Carvacrol |
| title_full | Genetic Variants and Phenotypic Characteristics of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium-Resistant Mutants after Exposure to Carvacrol |
| title_fullStr | Genetic Variants and Phenotypic Characteristics of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium-Resistant Mutants after Exposure to Carvacrol |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic Variants and Phenotypic Characteristics of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium-Resistant Mutants after Exposure to Carvacrol |
| title_short | Genetic Variants and Phenotypic Characteristics of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium-Resistant Mutants after Exposure to Carvacrol |
| title_sort | genetic variants and phenotypic characteristics of i salmonella i typhimurium resistant mutants after exposure to carvacrol |
| topic | antimicrobial resistance evolution assays carvacrol <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium genotypic resistance antibiotics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/6/937 |
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