Aggregation Behavior, Antibacterial Activity and Biocompatibility of Catanionic Assemblies Based on Amino Acid-Derived Surfactants
The surface activity, aggregates morphology, size and charge characteristics of binary catanionic mixtures containing a cationic amino acid-derived surfactant N(π), N(τ)-bis(methyl)-L-Histidine tetradecyl amide (DMHNHC<sub>14</sub>) and an anionic surfactant (the lysine-based surfactant...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/23/8912 |
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| author | Lourdes Pérez Aurora Pinazo M. C. Morán Ramon Pons |
| author_facet | Lourdes Pérez Aurora Pinazo M. C. Morán Ramon Pons |
| author_sort | Lourdes Pérez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The surface activity, aggregates morphology, size and charge characteristics of binary catanionic mixtures containing a cationic amino acid-derived surfactant N(π), N(τ)-bis(methyl)-L-Histidine tetradecyl amide (DMHNHC<sub>14</sub>) and an anionic surfactant (the lysine-based surfactant N<sup>α</sup>-lauroyl-N<sup>ε</sup>acetyl lysine (C<sub>12</sub>C<sub>3</sub>L) or sodium myristate) were investigated for the first time. The cationic surfactant has an acid proton which shows a strong pK<sub>a</sub> shift irrespective of aggregation. The resulting catanionic mixtures exhibited high surface activity and low critical aggregation concentration as compared with the pure constituents. Catanionic vesicles based on DMHNHC<sub>14</sub>/sodium myristate showed a monodisperse population of medium-size aggregates and good storage stability. According to Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS), the characteristics of the bilayers did not depend strongly on the system composition for the positively charged vesicles. Negatively charged vesicles (cationic surfactant:myristate ratio below 1:2) had similar bilayer composition but tended to aggregate. The DMHNHC<sub>14</sub>-rich vesicles exhibited good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and their bactericidal effectivity declined with the decrease of the cationic surfactant content in the mixtures. The hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity of these catanionic formulations against non-tumoral (3T3, HaCaT) and tumoral (HeLa, A431) cell lines also improved by increasing the ratio of cationic surfactant in the mixture. These results indicate that the biological activity of these systems is mainly governed by the cationic charge density, which can be modulated by changing the cationic/anionic surfactant ratio in the mixtures. Remarkably, the incorporation of cholesterol in those catanionic vesicles reduces their cytotoxicity and increases the safety of future biomedical applications of these systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:35:51Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:35:51Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-5d4b0f77c7484e72a0c566610736a4b62023-11-20T22:10:14ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-11-012123891210.3390/ijms21238912Aggregation Behavior, Antibacterial Activity and Biocompatibility of Catanionic Assemblies Based on Amino Acid-Derived SurfactantsLourdes Pérez0Aurora Pinazo1M. C. Morán2Ramon Pons3Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, IQAC-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, IQAC-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Biochemistry and Physiology-Physiology Section, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science- University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, IQAC-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, SpainThe surface activity, aggregates morphology, size and charge characteristics of binary catanionic mixtures containing a cationic amino acid-derived surfactant N(π), N(τ)-bis(methyl)-L-Histidine tetradecyl amide (DMHNHC<sub>14</sub>) and an anionic surfactant (the lysine-based surfactant N<sup>α</sup>-lauroyl-N<sup>ε</sup>acetyl lysine (C<sub>12</sub>C<sub>3</sub>L) or sodium myristate) were investigated for the first time. The cationic surfactant has an acid proton which shows a strong pK<sub>a</sub> shift irrespective of aggregation. The resulting catanionic mixtures exhibited high surface activity and low critical aggregation concentration as compared with the pure constituents. Catanionic vesicles based on DMHNHC<sub>14</sub>/sodium myristate showed a monodisperse population of medium-size aggregates and good storage stability. According to Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS), the characteristics of the bilayers did not depend strongly on the system composition for the positively charged vesicles. Negatively charged vesicles (cationic surfactant:myristate ratio below 1:2) had similar bilayer composition but tended to aggregate. The DMHNHC<sub>14</sub>-rich vesicles exhibited good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and their bactericidal effectivity declined with the decrease of the cationic surfactant content in the mixtures. The hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity of these catanionic formulations against non-tumoral (3T3, HaCaT) and tumoral (HeLa, A431) cell lines also improved by increasing the ratio of cationic surfactant in the mixture. These results indicate that the biological activity of these systems is mainly governed by the cationic charge density, which can be modulated by changing the cationic/anionic surfactant ratio in the mixtures. Remarkably, the incorporation of cholesterol in those catanionic vesicles reduces their cytotoxicity and increases the safety of future biomedical applications of these systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/23/8912amino acid-based surfactantscatanionic vesiclesSAXSself-assemblyantibacterial activitycytotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Lourdes Pérez Aurora Pinazo M. C. Morán Ramon Pons Aggregation Behavior, Antibacterial Activity and Biocompatibility of Catanionic Assemblies Based on Amino Acid-Derived Surfactants International Journal of Molecular Sciences amino acid-based surfactants catanionic vesicles SAXS self-assembly antibacterial activity cytotoxicity |
| title | Aggregation Behavior, Antibacterial Activity and Biocompatibility of Catanionic Assemblies Based on Amino Acid-Derived Surfactants |
| title_full | Aggregation Behavior, Antibacterial Activity and Biocompatibility of Catanionic Assemblies Based on Amino Acid-Derived Surfactants |
| title_fullStr | Aggregation Behavior, Antibacterial Activity and Biocompatibility of Catanionic Assemblies Based on Amino Acid-Derived Surfactants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aggregation Behavior, Antibacterial Activity and Biocompatibility of Catanionic Assemblies Based on Amino Acid-Derived Surfactants |
| title_short | Aggregation Behavior, Antibacterial Activity and Biocompatibility of Catanionic Assemblies Based on Amino Acid-Derived Surfactants |
| title_sort | aggregation behavior antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of catanionic assemblies based on amino acid derived surfactants |
| topic | amino acid-based surfactants catanionic vesicles SAXS self-assembly antibacterial activity cytotoxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/23/8912 |
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