Signalling Pinpointed to the Tip: The Complex Regulatory Network That Allows Pollen Tube Growth
Plants display a complex life cycle, alternating between haploid and diploid generations. During fertilisation, the haploid sperm cells are delivered to the female gametophyte by pollen tubes, specialised structures elongating by tip growth, which is based on an equilibrium between cell wall-reinfor...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/9/1098 |
| _version_ | 1797555455923322880 |
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| author | Patricia Scholz Jannis Anstatt Hannah Elisa Krawczyk Till Ischebeck |
| author_facet | Patricia Scholz Jannis Anstatt Hannah Elisa Krawczyk Till Ischebeck |
| author_sort | Patricia Scholz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plants display a complex life cycle, alternating between haploid and diploid generations. During fertilisation, the haploid sperm cells are delivered to the female gametophyte by pollen tubes, specialised structures elongating by tip growth, which is based on an equilibrium between cell wall-reinforcing processes and turgor-driven expansion. One important factor of this equilibrium is the rate of pectin secretion mediated and regulated by factors including the exocyst complex and small G proteins. Critically important are also non-proteinaceous molecules comprising protons, calcium ions, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and signalling lipids. Among the latter, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and the kinases involved in its formation have been assigned important functions. The negatively charged headgroup of this lipid serves as an interaction point at the apical plasma membrane for partners such as the exocyst complex, thereby polarising the cell and its secretion processes. Another important signalling lipid is phosphatidic acid (PA), that can either be formed by the combination of phospholipases C and diacylglycerol kinases or by phospholipases D. It further fine-tunes pollen tube growth, for example by regulating ROS formation. How the individual signalling cues are intertwined or how external guidance cues are integrated to facilitate directional growth remain open questions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:47:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5d54b20b4c6f450394931681030066e3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:47:45Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-5d54b20b4c6f450394931681030066e32023-11-20T11:27:56ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-08-0199109810.3390/plants9091098Signalling Pinpointed to the Tip: The Complex Regulatory Network That Allows Pollen Tube GrowthPatricia Scholz0Jannis Anstatt1Hannah Elisa Krawczyk2Till Ischebeck3Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, GermanyDepartment of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, GermanyDepartment of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, GermanyDepartment of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, GermanyPlants display a complex life cycle, alternating between haploid and diploid generations. During fertilisation, the haploid sperm cells are delivered to the female gametophyte by pollen tubes, specialised structures elongating by tip growth, which is based on an equilibrium between cell wall-reinforcing processes and turgor-driven expansion. One important factor of this equilibrium is the rate of pectin secretion mediated and regulated by factors including the exocyst complex and small G proteins. Critically important are also non-proteinaceous molecules comprising protons, calcium ions, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and signalling lipids. Among the latter, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and the kinases involved in its formation have been assigned important functions. The negatively charged headgroup of this lipid serves as an interaction point at the apical plasma membrane for partners such as the exocyst complex, thereby polarising the cell and its secretion processes. Another important signalling lipid is phosphatidic acid (PA), that can either be formed by the combination of phospholipases C and diacylglycerol kinases or by phospholipases D. It further fine-tunes pollen tube growth, for example by regulating ROS formation. How the individual signalling cues are intertwined or how external guidance cues are integrated to facilitate directional growth remain open questions.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/9/1098pollen tubephosphoinositidessmall G proteinsreactive oxygen speciesphosphatidic acidlipid signalling |
| spellingShingle | Patricia Scholz Jannis Anstatt Hannah Elisa Krawczyk Till Ischebeck Signalling Pinpointed to the Tip: The Complex Regulatory Network That Allows Pollen Tube Growth Plants pollen tube phosphoinositides small G proteins reactive oxygen species phosphatidic acid lipid signalling |
| title | Signalling Pinpointed to the Tip: The Complex Regulatory Network That Allows Pollen Tube Growth |
| title_full | Signalling Pinpointed to the Tip: The Complex Regulatory Network That Allows Pollen Tube Growth |
| title_fullStr | Signalling Pinpointed to the Tip: The Complex Regulatory Network That Allows Pollen Tube Growth |
| title_full_unstemmed | Signalling Pinpointed to the Tip: The Complex Regulatory Network That Allows Pollen Tube Growth |
| title_short | Signalling Pinpointed to the Tip: The Complex Regulatory Network That Allows Pollen Tube Growth |
| title_sort | signalling pinpointed to the tip the complex regulatory network that allows pollen tube growth |
| topic | pollen tube phosphoinositides small G proteins reactive oxygen species phosphatidic acid lipid signalling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/9/1098 |
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