Genome Estimation and Phytochemical Compound Identification in the Leaves and Callus of <i>Abrus precatorius</i>: A Locally Endangered Plant from the Flora of Saudi Arabia
<i>Abrus precatorius</i> is considered to be a valuable source of natural products for the development of drugs against various diseases. Herein, the genome size and phytochemical compounds in the leaves and callus of <i>A. precatorius</i> were evaluated. The endangered <i...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/4/567 |
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| author | Fahad Al-Qurainy Mohamed Tarroum Salim Khan Mohammad Nadeem Abdel-Rhman Z. Gaafar Saleh Alansi Norah S. Alfarraj |
| author_facet | Fahad Al-Qurainy Mohamed Tarroum Salim Khan Mohammad Nadeem Abdel-Rhman Z. Gaafar Saleh Alansi Norah S. Alfarraj |
| author_sort | Fahad Al-Qurainy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Abrus precatorius</i> is considered to be a valuable source of natural products for the development of drugs against various diseases. Herein, the genome size and phytochemical compounds in the leaves and callus of <i>A. precatorius</i> were evaluated. The endangered <i>A. precatorius</i> was collected from the Al-Baha mountains, Saudi Arabia and identified based on the phylogenetic analysis of a DNA sequence amplified by ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The callus was induced by the culture of stem explants onto Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with various combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D) and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). The callus with the highest fresh weight (2.03 g) was obtained in the medium containing 0.5µM BA and 5 µM 2,4-D after 8 weeks of culture; thus, the callus of this combination was selected for the genome estimation and phytochemical compound extraction. The genetic stability of the leaves from the donor as well as in the regenerated callus was analyzed by flow cytometry with optimized tomato (2C = 1.96 pg) as an external reference standard. The 2C DNA content was estimated to 1.810 pg ± 0.008 and 1.813 pg ± 0.004 for the leaves and callus, respectively. Then, the total phenol and total flavonoid contents in the methanol extract of the callus and leaves were measured using a spectrophotometer and the High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC ) methods. The results showed that the methanolic extract of the leaves was higher in total phenols and total flavonoids than the callus extract. Finally, the extracts of callus and leaves were analyzed for phytochemical compound through the Gas chromatography and Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). A total of 22 and 28 compounds were detected in the callus and leaves, respectively. The comparative analysis showed that 12 compounds of the secondary metabolites were present in both extracts. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:12:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5d5f51edf7544339ba66ac21187b0a292023-11-23T21:43:30ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-02-0111456710.3390/plants11040567Genome Estimation and Phytochemical Compound Identification in the Leaves and Callus of <i>Abrus precatorius</i>: A Locally Endangered Plant from the Flora of Saudi ArabiaFahad Al-Qurainy0Mohamed Tarroum1Salim Khan2Mohammad Nadeem3Abdel-Rhman Z. Gaafar4Saleh Alansi5Norah S. Alfarraj6Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science bldg5, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science bldg5, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science bldg5, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science bldg5, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science bldg5, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science bldg5, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science bldg5, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia<i>Abrus precatorius</i> is considered to be a valuable source of natural products for the development of drugs against various diseases. Herein, the genome size and phytochemical compounds in the leaves and callus of <i>A. precatorius</i> were evaluated. The endangered <i>A. precatorius</i> was collected from the Al-Baha mountains, Saudi Arabia and identified based on the phylogenetic analysis of a DNA sequence amplified by ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The callus was induced by the culture of stem explants onto Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with various combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D) and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). The callus with the highest fresh weight (2.03 g) was obtained in the medium containing 0.5µM BA and 5 µM 2,4-D after 8 weeks of culture; thus, the callus of this combination was selected for the genome estimation and phytochemical compound extraction. The genetic stability of the leaves from the donor as well as in the regenerated callus was analyzed by flow cytometry with optimized tomato (2C = 1.96 pg) as an external reference standard. The 2C DNA content was estimated to 1.810 pg ± 0.008 and 1.813 pg ± 0.004 for the leaves and callus, respectively. Then, the total phenol and total flavonoid contents in the methanol extract of the callus and leaves were measured using a spectrophotometer and the High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC ) methods. The results showed that the methanolic extract of the leaves was higher in total phenols and total flavonoids than the callus extract. Finally, the extracts of callus and leaves were analyzed for phytochemical compound through the Gas chromatography and Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). A total of 22 and 28 compounds were detected in the callus and leaves, respectively. The comparative analysis showed that 12 compounds of the secondary metabolites were present in both extracts.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/4/567<i>Abrus precatorius</i>callus inductionflow cytometryphytochemical compounds |
| spellingShingle | Fahad Al-Qurainy Mohamed Tarroum Salim Khan Mohammad Nadeem Abdel-Rhman Z. Gaafar Saleh Alansi Norah S. Alfarraj Genome Estimation and Phytochemical Compound Identification in the Leaves and Callus of <i>Abrus precatorius</i>: A Locally Endangered Plant from the Flora of Saudi Arabia Plants <i>Abrus precatorius</i> callus induction flow cytometry phytochemical compounds |
| title | Genome Estimation and Phytochemical Compound Identification in the Leaves and Callus of <i>Abrus precatorius</i>: A Locally Endangered Plant from the Flora of Saudi Arabia |
| title_full | Genome Estimation and Phytochemical Compound Identification in the Leaves and Callus of <i>Abrus precatorius</i>: A Locally Endangered Plant from the Flora of Saudi Arabia |
| title_fullStr | Genome Estimation and Phytochemical Compound Identification in the Leaves and Callus of <i>Abrus precatorius</i>: A Locally Endangered Plant from the Flora of Saudi Arabia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome Estimation and Phytochemical Compound Identification in the Leaves and Callus of <i>Abrus precatorius</i>: A Locally Endangered Plant from the Flora of Saudi Arabia |
| title_short | Genome Estimation and Phytochemical Compound Identification in the Leaves and Callus of <i>Abrus precatorius</i>: A Locally Endangered Plant from the Flora of Saudi Arabia |
| title_sort | genome estimation and phytochemical compound identification in the leaves and callus of i abrus precatorius i a locally endangered plant from the flora of saudi arabia |
| topic | <i>Abrus precatorius</i> callus induction flow cytometry phytochemical compounds |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/4/567 |
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