Novel Cellular Functions of ATR for Therapeutic Targeting: Embryogenesis to Tumorigenesis
The DNA damage response (DDR) is recognized as having an important role in cancer growth and treatment. ATR (ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related) kinase, a major regulator of DDR, has shown significant therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. ATR inhibitors have shown anti-tumor effecti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/14/11684 |
| _version_ | 1797588972359122944 |
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| author | Himadri Biswas Yetunde Makinwa Yue Zou |
| author_facet | Himadri Biswas Yetunde Makinwa Yue Zou |
| author_sort | Himadri Biswas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The DNA damage response (DDR) is recognized as having an important role in cancer growth and treatment. ATR (ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related) kinase, a major regulator of DDR, has shown significant therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. ATR inhibitors have shown anti-tumor effectiveness, not just as monotherapies but also in enhancing the effects of standard chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy. The biological basis of ATR is examined in this review, as well as its functional significance in the development and therapy of cancer, and the justification for inhibiting this target as a therapeutic approach, including an assessment of the progress and status of previous decades’ development of effective and selective ATR inhibitors. The current applications of these inhibitors in preclinical and clinical investigations as single medicines or in combination with chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy are also fully reviewed. This review concludes with some insights into the many concerns highlighted or identified with ATR inhibitors in both the preclinical and clinical contexts, as well as potential remedies proposed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:59:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5d6412adf0cd467f8f14fc0fa257f932 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:59:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-5d6412adf0cd467f8f14fc0fa257f9322023-11-18T19:43:20ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-07-0124141168410.3390/ijms241411684Novel Cellular Functions of ATR for Therapeutic Targeting: Embryogenesis to TumorigenesisHimadri Biswas0Yetunde Makinwa1Yue Zou2Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USADepartment of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USADepartment of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USAThe DNA damage response (DDR) is recognized as having an important role in cancer growth and treatment. ATR (ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related) kinase, a major regulator of DDR, has shown significant therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. ATR inhibitors have shown anti-tumor effectiveness, not just as monotherapies but also in enhancing the effects of standard chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy. The biological basis of ATR is examined in this review, as well as its functional significance in the development and therapy of cancer, and the justification for inhibiting this target as a therapeutic approach, including an assessment of the progress and status of previous decades’ development of effective and selective ATR inhibitors. The current applications of these inhibitors in preclinical and clinical investigations as single medicines or in combination with chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy are also fully reviewed. This review concludes with some insights into the many concerns highlighted or identified with ATR inhibitors in both the preclinical and clinical contexts, as well as potential remedies proposed.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/14/11684ATRDNA damage responsesDNA damage checkpoint signalingembryogenesistumorigenesisapoptosis |
| spellingShingle | Himadri Biswas Yetunde Makinwa Yue Zou Novel Cellular Functions of ATR for Therapeutic Targeting: Embryogenesis to Tumorigenesis International Journal of Molecular Sciences ATR DNA damage responses DNA damage checkpoint signaling embryogenesis tumorigenesis apoptosis |
| title | Novel Cellular Functions of ATR for Therapeutic Targeting: Embryogenesis to Tumorigenesis |
| title_full | Novel Cellular Functions of ATR for Therapeutic Targeting: Embryogenesis to Tumorigenesis |
| title_fullStr | Novel Cellular Functions of ATR for Therapeutic Targeting: Embryogenesis to Tumorigenesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel Cellular Functions of ATR for Therapeutic Targeting: Embryogenesis to Tumorigenesis |
| title_short | Novel Cellular Functions of ATR for Therapeutic Targeting: Embryogenesis to Tumorigenesis |
| title_sort | novel cellular functions of atr for therapeutic targeting embryogenesis to tumorigenesis |
| topic | ATR DNA damage responses DNA damage checkpoint signaling embryogenesis tumorigenesis apoptosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/14/11684 |
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