Impact of Laboratory-Accelerated Aging Methods to Study Alkali–Silica Reaction and Reinforcement Corrosion on the Properties of Concrete
This study focuses on two separate investigations of the main aging mechanisms: alkali–silica reactivity (ASR) and the corrosion of reinforcing steel (rebar) concrete, both of which may result in a premature failure to meet the serviceability or strength requirements of a concrete structure. However...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/15/3273 |
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| author | Arezou Attar Bora Gencturk Hadi Aryan Jianqiang Wei |
| author_facet | Arezou Attar Bora Gencturk Hadi Aryan Jianqiang Wei |
| author_sort | Arezou Attar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study focuses on two separate investigations of the main aging mechanisms: alkali–silica reactivity (ASR) and the corrosion of reinforcing steel (rebar) concrete, both of which may result in a premature failure to meet the serviceability or strength requirements of a concrete structure. However, these processes occur very slowly, spanning decades. The impact of direct chemical additives to fresh concrete to accelerate ASR and the corrosion of reinforcing steel on the fresh and hardened properties of the ensuing material are investigated to inform the potential use of chemicals in large-scale studies. The deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC) is determined by means of expansion, cracking, bulk diffusivity and surface resistivity measurements, and compressive, split tensile and flexural strength tests. The results indicate that the addition of sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride can effectively accelerate the crack formation and propagation in concrete due to ASR and the corrosion of rebar, respectively. The ASR-induced cracks maintained a constant crack width from 0.05 mm to 0.1 mm over the measurement period regardless of the intensity of aging acceleration. Adding 4% chloride by weight of cement for accelerating rebar corrosion resulted in an average crack that was 82% larger than in the case of ASR accelerated with the addition of sodium hydroxide. The addition of alkali resulted in an increase in early-age (7-day) strength. At a total alkali loading of 2.98 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, 3.84 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and 5.57 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, the 28-day compressive strength of concrete decreased by 3%, 10% and 24%, respectively. Similarly, a higher early-age strength and a lower later-age strength was observed for the concrete in the presence of corrosive calcium chloride. The results from this research are expected to inform future studies on the long-term performance of RC structures under accelerated ASR and corrosion. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:15:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5d65ddf7afaf4472a50ed742316312b3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:15:54Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-5d65ddf7afaf4472a50ed742316312b32023-11-20T07:42:20ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-07-011315327310.3390/ma13153273Impact of Laboratory-Accelerated Aging Methods to Study Alkali–Silica Reaction and Reinforcement Corrosion on the Properties of ConcreteArezou Attar0Bora Gencturk1Hadi Aryan2Jianqiang Wei3Structural Engineer III, Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers, New York, NY 10122, USASonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, 3620 S. Vermont Avenue, KAP 210, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2531, USASonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, 3620 S. Vermont Avenue, KAP 210, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2531, USADepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USAThis study focuses on two separate investigations of the main aging mechanisms: alkali–silica reactivity (ASR) and the corrosion of reinforcing steel (rebar) concrete, both of which may result in a premature failure to meet the serviceability or strength requirements of a concrete structure. However, these processes occur very slowly, spanning decades. The impact of direct chemical additives to fresh concrete to accelerate ASR and the corrosion of reinforcing steel on the fresh and hardened properties of the ensuing material are investigated to inform the potential use of chemicals in large-scale studies. The deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC) is determined by means of expansion, cracking, bulk diffusivity and surface resistivity measurements, and compressive, split tensile and flexural strength tests. The results indicate that the addition of sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride can effectively accelerate the crack formation and propagation in concrete due to ASR and the corrosion of rebar, respectively. The ASR-induced cracks maintained a constant crack width from 0.05 mm to 0.1 mm over the measurement period regardless of the intensity of aging acceleration. Adding 4% chloride by weight of cement for accelerating rebar corrosion resulted in an average crack that was 82% larger than in the case of ASR accelerated with the addition of sodium hydroxide. The addition of alkali resulted in an increase in early-age (7-day) strength. At a total alkali loading of 2.98 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, 3.84 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and 5.57 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, the 28-day compressive strength of concrete decreased by 3%, 10% and 24%, respectively. Similarly, a higher early-age strength and a lower later-age strength was observed for the concrete in the presence of corrosive calcium chloride. The results from this research are expected to inform future studies on the long-term performance of RC structures under accelerated ASR and corrosion.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/15/3273steel reinforced concretemild steelalkali–silica reactivityrebar corrosionaccelerated agingcracking |
| spellingShingle | Arezou Attar Bora Gencturk Hadi Aryan Jianqiang Wei Impact of Laboratory-Accelerated Aging Methods to Study Alkali–Silica Reaction and Reinforcement Corrosion on the Properties of Concrete Materials steel reinforced concrete mild steel alkali–silica reactivity rebar corrosion accelerated aging cracking |
| title | Impact of Laboratory-Accelerated Aging Methods to Study Alkali–Silica Reaction and Reinforcement Corrosion on the Properties of Concrete |
| title_full | Impact of Laboratory-Accelerated Aging Methods to Study Alkali–Silica Reaction and Reinforcement Corrosion on the Properties of Concrete |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Laboratory-Accelerated Aging Methods to Study Alkali–Silica Reaction and Reinforcement Corrosion on the Properties of Concrete |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Laboratory-Accelerated Aging Methods to Study Alkali–Silica Reaction and Reinforcement Corrosion on the Properties of Concrete |
| title_short | Impact of Laboratory-Accelerated Aging Methods to Study Alkali–Silica Reaction and Reinforcement Corrosion on the Properties of Concrete |
| title_sort | impact of laboratory accelerated aging methods to study alkali silica reaction and reinforcement corrosion on the properties of concrete |
| topic | steel reinforced concrete mild steel alkali–silica reactivity rebar corrosion accelerated aging cracking |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/15/3273 |
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