Optical Signal Attenuation through Smog in Controlled Laboratory Conditions
Free-space optical (FSO) communication is a line-of-sight (LOS) communication technology that uses light, typically lasers, to transmit data through the atmosphere. FSO can provide high data transfer rates, but factors like weather conditions can affect its performance. Like fog, smog also degrades...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Photonics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/11/2/172 |
| _version_ | 1797297196962414592 |
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| author | Hira Khalid Sheikh Muhammad Sajid Muhammad Imran Cheema Erich Leitgeb |
| author_facet | Hira Khalid Sheikh Muhammad Sajid Muhammad Imran Cheema Erich Leitgeb |
| author_sort | Hira Khalid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Free-space optical (FSO) communication is a line-of-sight (LOS) communication technology that uses light, typically lasers, to transmit data through the atmosphere. FSO can provide high data transfer rates, but factors like weather conditions can affect its performance. Like fog, smog also degrades the availability and reliability of FSO links, as the particulate matter (PM) present in smog scatters the light beam, causing perceptible attenuation. In this paper, we have investigated the attenuation of an optical signal under laboratory-controlled smog conditions, using both theoretical and experimental approaches. A 6 m long acrylic chamber is used to contain artificial smog and measure the optical attenuation through it. The experimental result shows that smog attenuation is approximately 1.705 times more than fog attenuation. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the effects of smog on optical links and can contribute to the development and optimization of these systems in regions with high levels of smog. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:16:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5d66a269c61b4fb8bd014675f37eccc9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-6732 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:16:54Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj.art-5d66a269c61b4fb8bd014675f37eccc92024-02-23T15:31:44ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322024-02-0111217210.3390/photonics11020172Optical Signal Attenuation through Smog in Controlled Laboratory ConditionsHira Khalid0Sheikh Muhammad Sajid1Muhammad Imran Cheema2Erich Leitgeb3Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, PakistanInstitute of Microwave and Photonic Engineering, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, AustriaFree-space optical (FSO) communication is a line-of-sight (LOS) communication technology that uses light, typically lasers, to transmit data through the atmosphere. FSO can provide high data transfer rates, but factors like weather conditions can affect its performance. Like fog, smog also degrades the availability and reliability of FSO links, as the particulate matter (PM) present in smog scatters the light beam, causing perceptible attenuation. In this paper, we have investigated the attenuation of an optical signal under laboratory-controlled smog conditions, using both theoretical and experimental approaches. A 6 m long acrylic chamber is used to contain artificial smog and measure the optical attenuation through it. The experimental result shows that smog attenuation is approximately 1.705 times more than fog attenuation. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the effects of smog on optical links and can contribute to the development and optimization of these systems in regions with high levels of smog.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/11/2/172smog attenuationvisibilityfree-space optics |
| spellingShingle | Hira Khalid Sheikh Muhammad Sajid Muhammad Imran Cheema Erich Leitgeb Optical Signal Attenuation through Smog in Controlled Laboratory Conditions Photonics smog attenuation visibility free-space optics |
| title | Optical Signal Attenuation through Smog in Controlled Laboratory Conditions |
| title_full | Optical Signal Attenuation through Smog in Controlled Laboratory Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Optical Signal Attenuation through Smog in Controlled Laboratory Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optical Signal Attenuation through Smog in Controlled Laboratory Conditions |
| title_short | Optical Signal Attenuation through Smog in Controlled Laboratory Conditions |
| title_sort | optical signal attenuation through smog in controlled laboratory conditions |
| topic | smog attenuation visibility free-space optics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/11/2/172 |
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