Preparation and Characterization of Photoluminescent Graphene Quantum Dots from Watermelon Rind Waste for the Detection of Ferric Ions and Cellular Bio-Imaging Applications
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were synthesized using watermelon rind waste as a photoluminescent (PL) agent for ferric ion (Fe<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mro...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/4/702 |
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| author | Chatchai Rodwihok Tran Van Tam Won Mook Choi Mayulee Suwannakaew Sang Woon Woo Duangmanee Wongratanaphisan Han S. Kim |
| author_facet | Chatchai Rodwihok Tran Van Tam Won Mook Choi Mayulee Suwannakaew Sang Woon Woo Duangmanee Wongratanaphisan Han S. Kim |
| author_sort | Chatchai Rodwihok |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were synthesized using watermelon rind waste as a photoluminescent (PL) agent for ferric ion (Fe<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>) detection and in vitro cellular bio-imaging. A green and simple one-pot hydrothermal technique was employed to prepare the GQDs. Their crystalline structures corresponded to the lattice fringe of graphene, possessing amide, hydroxyl, and carboxyl functional groups. The GQDs exhibited a relatively high quantum yield of approximately 37%. Prominent blue emission under UV excitation and highly selective PL quenching for Fe<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> were observed. Furthermore, Fe<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> could be detected at concentrations as low as 0.28 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>M (limit of detection), allowing for high sensitivity toward Fe<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> detection in tap and drinking water samples. In the bio-imaging experiment, the GQDs exhibited a low cytotoxicity for the HeLa cells, and they were clearly illuminated at an excitation wavelength of 405 nm. These results can serve as the basis for developing an environment-friendly, simple, and cost-effective approach of using food waste by converting them into photoluminescent nanomaterials for the detection of metal ions in field water samples and biological cellular studies. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5d73cf53b32448e7bf3c415e95bc5a1a2023-11-23T21:26:44ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-02-0112470210.3390/nano12040702Preparation and Characterization of Photoluminescent Graphene Quantum Dots from Watermelon Rind Waste for the Detection of Ferric Ions and Cellular Bio-Imaging ApplicationsChatchai Rodwihok0Tran Van Tam1Won Mook Choi2Mayulee Suwannakaew3Sang Woon Woo4Duangmanee Wongratanaphisan5Han S. Kim6Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, KoreaSchool of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44160, KoreaSchool of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44160, KoreaCivil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, KoreaCivil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, KoreaDepartment of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandCivil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, KoreaGraphene quantum dots (GQDs) were synthesized using watermelon rind waste as a photoluminescent (PL) agent for ferric ion (Fe<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>) detection and in vitro cellular bio-imaging. A green and simple one-pot hydrothermal technique was employed to prepare the GQDs. Their crystalline structures corresponded to the lattice fringe of graphene, possessing amide, hydroxyl, and carboxyl functional groups. The GQDs exhibited a relatively high quantum yield of approximately 37%. Prominent blue emission under UV excitation and highly selective PL quenching for Fe<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> were observed. Furthermore, Fe<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> could be detected at concentrations as low as 0.28 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>M (limit of detection), allowing for high sensitivity toward Fe<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> detection in tap and drinking water samples. In the bio-imaging experiment, the GQDs exhibited a low cytotoxicity for the HeLa cells, and they were clearly illuminated at an excitation wavelength of 405 nm. These results can serve as the basis for developing an environment-friendly, simple, and cost-effective approach of using food waste by converting them into photoluminescent nanomaterials for the detection of metal ions in field water samples and biological cellular studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/4/702photoluminescent graphene quantum dotswatermelon rind wastehydrothermal treatmentFe3+ detectioncellular bio-imaging |
| spellingShingle | Chatchai Rodwihok Tran Van Tam Won Mook Choi Mayulee Suwannakaew Sang Woon Woo Duangmanee Wongratanaphisan Han S. Kim Preparation and Characterization of Photoluminescent Graphene Quantum Dots from Watermelon Rind Waste for the Detection of Ferric Ions and Cellular Bio-Imaging Applications Nanomaterials photoluminescent graphene quantum dots watermelon rind waste hydrothermal treatment Fe3+ detection cellular bio-imaging |
| title | Preparation and Characterization of Photoluminescent Graphene Quantum Dots from Watermelon Rind Waste for the Detection of Ferric Ions and Cellular Bio-Imaging Applications |
| title_full | Preparation and Characterization of Photoluminescent Graphene Quantum Dots from Watermelon Rind Waste for the Detection of Ferric Ions and Cellular Bio-Imaging Applications |
| title_fullStr | Preparation and Characterization of Photoluminescent Graphene Quantum Dots from Watermelon Rind Waste for the Detection of Ferric Ions and Cellular Bio-Imaging Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preparation and Characterization of Photoluminescent Graphene Quantum Dots from Watermelon Rind Waste for the Detection of Ferric Ions and Cellular Bio-Imaging Applications |
| title_short | Preparation and Characterization of Photoluminescent Graphene Quantum Dots from Watermelon Rind Waste for the Detection of Ferric Ions and Cellular Bio-Imaging Applications |
| title_sort | preparation and characterization of photoluminescent graphene quantum dots from watermelon rind waste for the detection of ferric ions and cellular bio imaging applications |
| topic | photoluminescent graphene quantum dots watermelon rind waste hydrothermal treatment Fe3+ detection cellular bio-imaging |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/4/702 |
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