Miocene Diversification and High-Altitude Adaptation of <i>Parnassius</i> Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Revealed by Large-Scale Transcriptomic Data
The early evolutionary pattern and molecular adaptation mechanism of alpine <i>Parnassius</i> butterflies to high altitudes in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau are poorly understood up to now, due to difficulties in sampling, limited sequence data, and time calibration issues. Here, we present larg...
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/11/754 |
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| author | Chengyong Su Tingting Xie Yunliang Wang Chengcai Si Luyan Li Junye Ma Chunxiang Li Xiaoyan Sun Jiasheng Hao Qun Yang |
| author_facet | Chengyong Su Tingting Xie Yunliang Wang Chengcai Si Luyan Li Junye Ma Chunxiang Li Xiaoyan Sun Jiasheng Hao Qun Yang |
| author_sort | Chengyong Su |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The early evolutionary pattern and molecular adaptation mechanism of alpine <i>Parnassius</i> butterflies to high altitudes in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau are poorly understood up to now, due to difficulties in sampling, limited sequence data, and time calibration issues. Here, we present large-scale transcriptomic datasets of eight representative <i>Parnassius</i> species to reveal the phylogenetic timescale and potential genetic basis for high-altitude adaptation with multiple analytic strategies using 476 orthologous genes. Our phylogenetic results strongly supported that the subgenus <i>Parnassius</i> formed a well-resolved basal clade, and the subgenera <i>Tadumia</i> and <i>Kailasius</i> were closely related in the phylogenetic trees. In addition, molecular dating analyses showed that the <i>Parnassius</i> began to diverge at about 13.0 to 14.3 million years ago (middle Miocene), correlated with their hostplant’s spatiotemporal distributions, as well as geological and palaeoenvironmental changes of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Moreover, the accelerated evolutionary rate, candidate positively selected genes and their potentially functional changes were detected, probably contributed to the high-altitude adaptation of <i>Parnassius</i> species. Overall, our study provided some new insights into the spatiotemporally evolutionary pattern and high altitude adaptation of <i>Parnassius</i> butterflies from the extrinsic and intrinsic view, which will help to address evolution, biodiversity, and conservation questions concerning <i>Parnassius</i> and other butterfly species. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:07:00Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
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| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-5d9125fa597f488e909a6d6edb2e7b8a2023-11-20T19:39:45ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502020-11-01111175410.3390/insects11110754Miocene Diversification and High-Altitude Adaptation of <i>Parnassius</i> Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Revealed by Large-Scale Transcriptomic DataChengyong Su0Tingting Xie1Yunliang Wang2Chengcai Si3Luyan Li4Junye Ma5Chunxiang Li6Xiaoyan Sun7Jiasheng Hao8Qun Yang9College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, ChinaThe early evolutionary pattern and molecular adaptation mechanism of alpine <i>Parnassius</i> butterflies to high altitudes in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau are poorly understood up to now, due to difficulties in sampling, limited sequence data, and time calibration issues. Here, we present large-scale transcriptomic datasets of eight representative <i>Parnassius</i> species to reveal the phylogenetic timescale and potential genetic basis for high-altitude adaptation with multiple analytic strategies using 476 orthologous genes. Our phylogenetic results strongly supported that the subgenus <i>Parnassius</i> formed a well-resolved basal clade, and the subgenera <i>Tadumia</i> and <i>Kailasius</i> were closely related in the phylogenetic trees. In addition, molecular dating analyses showed that the <i>Parnassius</i> began to diverge at about 13.0 to 14.3 million years ago (middle Miocene), correlated with their hostplant’s spatiotemporal distributions, as well as geological and palaeoenvironmental changes of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Moreover, the accelerated evolutionary rate, candidate positively selected genes and their potentially functional changes were detected, probably contributed to the high-altitude adaptation of <i>Parnassius</i> species. Overall, our study provided some new insights into the spatiotemporally evolutionary pattern and high altitude adaptation of <i>Parnassius</i> butterflies from the extrinsic and intrinsic view, which will help to address evolution, biodiversity, and conservation questions concerning <i>Parnassius</i> and other butterfly species.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/11/754accelerated diversificationconservationdivergence timehigh-altitude adaptation<i>Parnassius</i> butterfliesphylogeny |
| spellingShingle | Chengyong Su Tingting Xie Yunliang Wang Chengcai Si Luyan Li Junye Ma Chunxiang Li Xiaoyan Sun Jiasheng Hao Qun Yang Miocene Diversification and High-Altitude Adaptation of <i>Parnassius</i> Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Revealed by Large-Scale Transcriptomic Data Insects accelerated diversification conservation divergence time high-altitude adaptation <i>Parnassius</i> butterflies phylogeny |
| title | Miocene Diversification and High-Altitude Adaptation of <i>Parnassius</i> Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Revealed by Large-Scale Transcriptomic Data |
| title_full | Miocene Diversification and High-Altitude Adaptation of <i>Parnassius</i> Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Revealed by Large-Scale Transcriptomic Data |
| title_fullStr | Miocene Diversification and High-Altitude Adaptation of <i>Parnassius</i> Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Revealed by Large-Scale Transcriptomic Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Miocene Diversification and High-Altitude Adaptation of <i>Parnassius</i> Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Revealed by Large-Scale Transcriptomic Data |
| title_short | Miocene Diversification and High-Altitude Adaptation of <i>Parnassius</i> Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Revealed by Large-Scale Transcriptomic Data |
| title_sort | miocene diversification and high altitude adaptation of i parnassius i butterflies lepidoptera papilionidae in qinghai tibet plateau revealed by large scale transcriptomic data |
| topic | accelerated diversification conservation divergence time high-altitude adaptation <i>Parnassius</i> butterflies phylogeny |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/11/754 |
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