Comparison of Metabolites and Gut Microbes between Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Healthy Individuals—A Pilot Clinical Observational Study (STROBE Compliant)
Introduction: Even if levodopa, dopamine agonists, and others are used for patients with Parkinson’s disease, the effect is not sustained, and side effects such as motor fluctuation and dyskinesia are more likely to appear as the dose increases. Thus, new approaches for managing Parkinson’s disease...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/2/302 |
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| author | Cheol-Hyun Kim Jeeyoun Jung Young-ung Lee Kwang-ho Kim Sunny Kang Geon-hui Kang Hongmin Chu Se-Young Kim Sangkwan Lee |
| author_facet | Cheol-Hyun Kim Jeeyoun Jung Young-ung Lee Kwang-ho Kim Sunny Kang Geon-hui Kang Hongmin Chu Se-Young Kim Sangkwan Lee |
| author_sort | Cheol-Hyun Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Even if levodopa, dopamine agonists, and others are used for patients with Parkinson’s disease, the effect is not sustained, and side effects such as motor fluctuation and dyskinesia are more likely to appear as the dose increases. Thus, new approaches for managing Parkinson’s disease are needed. This study aimed to compare the metabolites and gut microbes between patients with Parkinson’s disease and healthy individuals. Methods: This was an observational study with a case-control design. Metabolite and gut microbial analyses were performed using blood and stool samples collected from the subjects. Results: Among the metabolites, the acetate, citrate, methionine, and trimethylamine levels were significantly different between the two groups. In the gut microbes, abundance of <i>Bacteroidetes</i>, <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Phascolarctobacterium</i>, <i>Pseudoflavonifractor</i>, <i>Eisenbergiella</i>, and <i>Gemella</i> were also significantly different between the two groups. Discussion: Metabolites are the products of gut microbes. Therefore, when the gut microbes change, the metabolites change accordingly. Metabolites and gut microbes that were significantly different between the two groups were mostly those involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. Our data may be helpful for the development of new drugs targeting metabolites and gut microbes through large-scale studies in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:49:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5d92a65051bf424bae63f7aab86fbc7c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9032 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:49:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Healthcare |
| spelling | doaj.art-5d92a65051bf424bae63f7aab86fbc7c2023-11-23T20:09:43ZengMDPI AGHealthcare2227-90322022-02-0110230210.3390/healthcare10020302Comparison of Metabolites and Gut Microbes between Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Healthy Individuals—A Pilot Clinical Observational Study (STROBE Compliant)Cheol-Hyun Kim0Jeeyoun Jung1Young-ung Lee2Kwang-ho Kim3Sunny Kang4Geon-hui Kang5Hongmin Chu6Se-Young Kim7Sangkwan Lee8Department of Internal Medicine and Neuroscience, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, KoreaKM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine and Neuroscience, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine and Neuroscience, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine and Neuroscience, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, KoreaStroke Korean Medicine Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine and Neuroscience, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, KoreaStroke Korean Medicine Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine and Neuroscience, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, KoreaIntroduction: Even if levodopa, dopamine agonists, and others are used for patients with Parkinson’s disease, the effect is not sustained, and side effects such as motor fluctuation and dyskinesia are more likely to appear as the dose increases. Thus, new approaches for managing Parkinson’s disease are needed. This study aimed to compare the metabolites and gut microbes between patients with Parkinson’s disease and healthy individuals. Methods: This was an observational study with a case-control design. Metabolite and gut microbial analyses were performed using blood and stool samples collected from the subjects. Results: Among the metabolites, the acetate, citrate, methionine, and trimethylamine levels were significantly different between the two groups. In the gut microbes, abundance of <i>Bacteroidetes</i>, <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Phascolarctobacterium</i>, <i>Pseudoflavonifractor</i>, <i>Eisenbergiella</i>, and <i>Gemella</i> were also significantly different between the two groups. Discussion: Metabolites are the products of gut microbes. Therefore, when the gut microbes change, the metabolites change accordingly. Metabolites and gut microbes that were significantly different between the two groups were mostly those involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. Our data may be helpful for the development of new drugs targeting metabolites and gut microbes through large-scale studies in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/2/302gut microbesmetabolitesParkinson’s disease |
| spellingShingle | Cheol-Hyun Kim Jeeyoun Jung Young-ung Lee Kwang-ho Kim Sunny Kang Geon-hui Kang Hongmin Chu Se-Young Kim Sangkwan Lee Comparison of Metabolites and Gut Microbes between Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Healthy Individuals—A Pilot Clinical Observational Study (STROBE Compliant) Healthcare gut microbes metabolites Parkinson’s disease |
| title | Comparison of Metabolites and Gut Microbes between Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Healthy Individuals—A Pilot Clinical Observational Study (STROBE Compliant) |
| title_full | Comparison of Metabolites and Gut Microbes between Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Healthy Individuals—A Pilot Clinical Observational Study (STROBE Compliant) |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Metabolites and Gut Microbes between Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Healthy Individuals—A Pilot Clinical Observational Study (STROBE Compliant) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Metabolites and Gut Microbes between Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Healthy Individuals—A Pilot Clinical Observational Study (STROBE Compliant) |
| title_short | Comparison of Metabolites and Gut Microbes between Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Healthy Individuals—A Pilot Clinical Observational Study (STROBE Compliant) |
| title_sort | comparison of metabolites and gut microbes between patients with parkinson s disease and healthy individuals a pilot clinical observational study strobe compliant |
| topic | gut microbes metabolites Parkinson’s disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/2/302 |
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