A Review on Fish Sensory Systems and Amazon Water Types With Implications to Biodiversity
The Amazon has the highest richness of freshwater organisms in the world, which has led to a multitude of hypotheses on the mechanisms that generated this biodiversity. However, most of these hypotheses focus on the spatial distance of populations, a framework that fails to provide an explicit mecha...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2020.589760/full |
| _version_ | 1818720608899301376 |
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| author | Elio de Almeida Borghezan Elio de Almeida Borghezan Tiago Henrique da Silva Pires Takehide Ikeda Jansen Zuanon Shiro Kohshima |
| author_facet | Elio de Almeida Borghezan Elio de Almeida Borghezan Tiago Henrique da Silva Pires Takehide Ikeda Jansen Zuanon Shiro Kohshima |
| author_sort | Elio de Almeida Borghezan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Amazon has the highest richness of freshwater organisms in the world, which has led to a multitude of hypotheses on the mechanisms that generated this biodiversity. However, most of these hypotheses focus on the spatial distance of populations, a framework that fails to provide an explicit mechanism of speciation. Ecological conditions in Amazon freshwaters can be strikingly distinct, as it has been recognized since Alfred Russel Wallace’s categorization into black, white, and blue (= clear) waters. Water types reflect differences in turbidity, dissolved organic matter, electrical conductivity, pH, amount of nutrients and lighting environment, characteristics that directly affect the sensory abilities of aquatic organisms. Since natural selection drives evolution of sensory systems to function optimally according to environmental conditions, the sensory systems of Amazon freshwater organisms are expected to vary according to their environment. When differences in sensory systems affect chances of interbreeding between populations, local adaptations may result in speciation. Here, we briefly present the limnologic characteristics of Amazonian water types and how they are expected to influence photo-, chemical-, mechano-, and electro-reception of aquatic organisms, focusing on fish. We put forward that the effect of different water types on the adaptation of sensory systems is an important mechanism that contributed to the evolution of fish diversity. We point toward underexplored research perspectives on how divergent selection may act on sensory systems and thus contribute to the origin and maintenance of the biodiversity of Amazon aquatic environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:25:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5da17c1000634c6f9971fe0234262e94 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-701X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:25:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-5da17c1000634c6f9971fe0234262e942022-12-21T21:33:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution2296-701X2021-01-01810.3389/fevo.2020.589760589760A Review on Fish Sensory Systems and Amazon Water Types With Implications to BiodiversityElio de Almeida Borghezan0Elio de Almeida Borghezan1Tiago Henrique da Silva Pires2Takehide Ikeda3Jansen Zuanon4Shiro Kohshima5Wildlife Research Center of Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanLaboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Evolução, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, BrazilLaboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Evolução, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, BrazilWildlife Research Center of Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanLaboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Evolução, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, BrazilWildlife Research Center of Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanThe Amazon has the highest richness of freshwater organisms in the world, which has led to a multitude of hypotheses on the mechanisms that generated this biodiversity. However, most of these hypotheses focus on the spatial distance of populations, a framework that fails to provide an explicit mechanism of speciation. Ecological conditions in Amazon freshwaters can be strikingly distinct, as it has been recognized since Alfred Russel Wallace’s categorization into black, white, and blue (= clear) waters. Water types reflect differences in turbidity, dissolved organic matter, electrical conductivity, pH, amount of nutrients and lighting environment, characteristics that directly affect the sensory abilities of aquatic organisms. Since natural selection drives evolution of sensory systems to function optimally according to environmental conditions, the sensory systems of Amazon freshwater organisms are expected to vary according to their environment. When differences in sensory systems affect chances of interbreeding between populations, local adaptations may result in speciation. Here, we briefly present the limnologic characteristics of Amazonian water types and how they are expected to influence photo-, chemical-, mechano-, and electro-reception of aquatic organisms, focusing on fish. We put forward that the effect of different water types on the adaptation of sensory systems is an important mechanism that contributed to the evolution of fish diversity. We point toward underexplored research perspectives on how divergent selection may act on sensory systems and thus contribute to the origin and maintenance of the biodiversity of Amazon aquatic environments.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2020.589760/fullAmazon fish evolutiondivergent pressuredivergent selectionecological speciationlocal adaptationsensory drive |
| spellingShingle | Elio de Almeida Borghezan Elio de Almeida Borghezan Tiago Henrique da Silva Pires Takehide Ikeda Jansen Zuanon Shiro Kohshima A Review on Fish Sensory Systems and Amazon Water Types With Implications to Biodiversity Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Amazon fish evolution divergent pressure divergent selection ecological speciation local adaptation sensory drive |
| title | A Review on Fish Sensory Systems and Amazon Water Types With Implications to Biodiversity |
| title_full | A Review on Fish Sensory Systems and Amazon Water Types With Implications to Biodiversity |
| title_fullStr | A Review on Fish Sensory Systems and Amazon Water Types With Implications to Biodiversity |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Review on Fish Sensory Systems and Amazon Water Types With Implications to Biodiversity |
| title_short | A Review on Fish Sensory Systems and Amazon Water Types With Implications to Biodiversity |
| title_sort | review on fish sensory systems and amazon water types with implications to biodiversity |
| topic | Amazon fish evolution divergent pressure divergent selection ecological speciation local adaptation sensory drive |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2020.589760/full |
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