Facilitating GL13K Peptide Grafting on Polyetheretherketone via 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide: Surface Properties and Antibacterial Activity
In the present work, the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) of GL13K was successfully coated onto a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) substrate to investigate its antibacterial activities against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) bacteria. To improve the coating efficiency,...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/1/359 |
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| author | Chih-Chien Hu Selvaraj Rajesh Kumar Truong Thi Tuong Vi Yu-Tzu Huang Dave W. Chen Shingjiang Jessie Lue |
| author_facet | Chih-Chien Hu Selvaraj Rajesh Kumar Truong Thi Tuong Vi Yu-Tzu Huang Dave W. Chen Shingjiang Jessie Lue |
| author_sort | Chih-Chien Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the present work, the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) of GL13K was successfully coated onto a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) substrate to investigate its antibacterial activities against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) bacteria. To improve the coating efficiency, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) was mixed with a GL13K solution and coated on the PEEK surface for comparison. Both energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data confirmed 30% greater peptide coating on PEEK/GL13K-EDC than PEEK without EDC treatment. The GL13K graft levels are depicted in the micrograms per square centimeter range. The PEEK/GL13K-EDC sample showed a smoother and lower roughness (Rq of 0.530 µm) than the PEEK/GL13K (0.634 µm) and PEEK (0.697 µm) samples. The surface of the PEEK/GL13K-EDC was more hydrophilic (with a water contact angle of 24°) than the PEEK/GL13K (40°) and pure PEEK (89°) samples. The pure PEEK disc did not exhibit any inhibition zone against <i>S. aureus</i>. After peptide coating, the samples demonstrated significant zones of inhibition: 28 mm and 25 mm for the PEEK/GL13K-EDC and PEEK/GL13K samples, respectively. The bacteria-challenged PEEK sample showed numerous bacteria clusters, whereas PEEK/GL13K contained a little bacteria and PEEK/GL13K-EDC had no bacterial attachment. The results confirm that the GL13K peptide coating was able to induce antibacterial and biofilm-inhibitory effects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of successful GL13K peptide grafting on a PEEK substrate via EDC coupling. The present work illustrates a facile and promising coating technique for a polymeric surface to provide bactericidal activity and biofilm resistance to medical implantable devices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:38:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5db43aecf9f443efa68d1e913d5aa528 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:38:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-5db43aecf9f443efa68d1e913d5aa5282023-11-23T11:38:46ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-12-0123135910.3390/ijms23010359Facilitating GL13K Peptide Grafting on Polyetheretherketone via 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide: Surface Properties and Antibacterial ActivityChih-Chien Hu0Selvaraj Rajesh Kumar1Truong Thi Tuong Vi2Yu-Tzu Huang3Dave W. Chen4Shingjiang Jessie Lue5Division of Join Reconstruction, Department of Orthopedics, Chang Gung Medical Center at Linkou, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, TaiwanDivision of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongli, Taoyuan City 320, TaiwanDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City 204, TaiwanDivision of Join Reconstruction, Department of Orthopedics, Chang Gung Medical Center at Linkou, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, TaiwanIn the present work, the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) of GL13K was successfully coated onto a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) substrate to investigate its antibacterial activities against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) bacteria. To improve the coating efficiency, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) was mixed with a GL13K solution and coated on the PEEK surface for comparison. Both energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data confirmed 30% greater peptide coating on PEEK/GL13K-EDC than PEEK without EDC treatment. The GL13K graft levels are depicted in the micrograms per square centimeter range. The PEEK/GL13K-EDC sample showed a smoother and lower roughness (Rq of 0.530 µm) than the PEEK/GL13K (0.634 µm) and PEEK (0.697 µm) samples. The surface of the PEEK/GL13K-EDC was more hydrophilic (with a water contact angle of 24°) than the PEEK/GL13K (40°) and pure PEEK (89°) samples. The pure PEEK disc did not exhibit any inhibition zone against <i>S. aureus</i>. After peptide coating, the samples demonstrated significant zones of inhibition: 28 mm and 25 mm for the PEEK/GL13K-EDC and PEEK/GL13K samples, respectively. The bacteria-challenged PEEK sample showed numerous bacteria clusters, whereas PEEK/GL13K contained a little bacteria and PEEK/GL13K-EDC had no bacterial attachment. The results confirm that the GL13K peptide coating was able to induce antibacterial and biofilm-inhibitory effects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of successful GL13K peptide grafting on a PEEK substrate via EDC coupling. The present work illustrates a facile and promising coating technique for a polymeric surface to provide bactericidal activity and biofilm resistance to medical implantable devices.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/1/359antimicrobial peptidesantibacterial activitiesbiofilm resistanceorthopedic implants |
| spellingShingle | Chih-Chien Hu Selvaraj Rajesh Kumar Truong Thi Tuong Vi Yu-Tzu Huang Dave W. Chen Shingjiang Jessie Lue Facilitating GL13K Peptide Grafting on Polyetheretherketone via 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide: Surface Properties and Antibacterial Activity International Journal of Molecular Sciences antimicrobial peptides antibacterial activities biofilm resistance orthopedic implants |
| title | Facilitating GL13K Peptide Grafting on Polyetheretherketone via 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide: Surface Properties and Antibacterial Activity |
| title_full | Facilitating GL13K Peptide Grafting on Polyetheretherketone via 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide: Surface Properties and Antibacterial Activity |
| title_fullStr | Facilitating GL13K Peptide Grafting on Polyetheretherketone via 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide: Surface Properties and Antibacterial Activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Facilitating GL13K Peptide Grafting on Polyetheretherketone via 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide: Surface Properties and Antibacterial Activity |
| title_short | Facilitating GL13K Peptide Grafting on Polyetheretherketone via 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide: Surface Properties and Antibacterial Activity |
| title_sort | facilitating gl13k peptide grafting on polyetheretherketone via 1 ethyl 3 3 dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide surface properties and antibacterial activity |
| topic | antimicrobial peptides antibacterial activities biofilm resistance orthopedic implants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/1/359 |
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