Ecology and Genetic Lineages of Nasal <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and MRSA Carriage in Healthy Persons with or without Animal-Related Occupational Risks of Colonization: A Review of Global Reports
In this conceptual review, we thoroughly searched for appropriate English articles on nasal staphylococci carriage among healthy people with no reported risk of colonization (Group A), food handlers (Group B), veterinarians (Group C), and livestock farmers (Group D) published between 2000 and 2021....
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/8/1000 |
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| author | Idris Nasir Abdullahi Carmen Lozano Laura Ruiz-Ripa Rosa Fernández-Fernández Myriam Zarazaga Carmen Torres |
| author_facet | Idris Nasir Abdullahi Carmen Lozano Laura Ruiz-Ripa Rosa Fernández-Fernández Myriam Zarazaga Carmen Torres |
| author_sort | Idris Nasir Abdullahi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this conceptual review, we thoroughly searched for appropriate English articles on nasal staphylococci carriage among healthy people with no reported risk of colonization (Group A), food handlers (Group B), veterinarians (Group C), and livestock farmers (Group D) published between 2000 and 2021. Random-effects analyses of proportions were performed to determine the pooled prevalence of <i>S. aureus</i>, MRSA, MRSA-CC398, and MSSA-CC398, as well as the prevalence of PVL-positive <i>S. aureus</i> from all eligible studies. A total of 166 eligible papers were evaluated for Groups A/B/C/D (n = 58/31/26/51). The pooled prevalence of <i>S. aureus</i> and MRSA in healthy humans of Groups A to D were 15.9, 7.8, 34.9, and 27.1%, and 0.8, 0.9, 8.6, and 13.5%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of MRSA-CC398 nasal carriage among healthy humans was as follows: Group A/B (<0.05%), Group C (1.4%), Group D (5.4%); and the following among Group D: pig farmers (8.4%) and dairy farmers (4.7%). The pooled prevalence of CC398 lineage among the MSSA and MRSA isolates from studies of the four groups were Group A (2.9 and 6.9%), B (1.5 and 0.0%), C (47.6% in MRSA), and D (11.5 and 58.8%). Moreover, MSSA-CC398 isolates of Groups A and B were mostly of <i>spa-</i>t571 (animal-independent clade), while those of Groups C and D were <i>spa</i>-t011 and t034. The MRSA-CC398 was predominately of t011 and t034 in all the groups (with few other<i> spa-</i>types, livestock-associated clades). The pooled prevalence of MSSA and MRSA isolates carrying the PVL encoding genes were 11.5 and 9.6% (ranges: 0.0–76.9 and 0.0–28.6%), respectively. Moreover, one PVL-positive MSSA-t011-CC398 isolate was detected in Group A. Contact with livestock and veterinary practice seems to increase the risk of carrying MRSA-CC398, but not in food handlers. Thus, this emphasizes the need for integrated molecular epidemiology of zoonotic staphylococci. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:30:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5db7e176a34a4a75b26178d054ee1a16 |
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| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:30:12Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5db7e176a34a4a75b26178d054ee1a162023-11-22T09:09:15ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-08-01108100010.3390/pathogens10081000Ecology and Genetic Lineages of Nasal <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and MRSA Carriage in Healthy Persons with or without Animal-Related Occupational Risks of Colonization: A Review of Global ReportsIdris Nasir Abdullahi0Carmen Lozano1Laura Ruiz-Ripa2Rosa Fernández-Fernández3Myriam Zarazaga4Carmen Torres5Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, SpainArea of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, SpainArea of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, SpainArea of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, SpainArea of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, SpainArea of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, SpainIn this conceptual review, we thoroughly searched for appropriate English articles on nasal staphylococci carriage among healthy people with no reported risk of colonization (Group A), food handlers (Group B), veterinarians (Group C), and livestock farmers (Group D) published between 2000 and 2021. Random-effects analyses of proportions were performed to determine the pooled prevalence of <i>S. aureus</i>, MRSA, MRSA-CC398, and MSSA-CC398, as well as the prevalence of PVL-positive <i>S. aureus</i> from all eligible studies. A total of 166 eligible papers were evaluated for Groups A/B/C/D (n = 58/31/26/51). The pooled prevalence of <i>S. aureus</i> and MRSA in healthy humans of Groups A to D were 15.9, 7.8, 34.9, and 27.1%, and 0.8, 0.9, 8.6, and 13.5%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of MRSA-CC398 nasal carriage among healthy humans was as follows: Group A/B (<0.05%), Group C (1.4%), Group D (5.4%); and the following among Group D: pig farmers (8.4%) and dairy farmers (4.7%). The pooled prevalence of CC398 lineage among the MSSA and MRSA isolates from studies of the four groups were Group A (2.9 and 6.9%), B (1.5 and 0.0%), C (47.6% in MRSA), and D (11.5 and 58.8%). Moreover, MSSA-CC398 isolates of Groups A and B were mostly of <i>spa-</i>t571 (animal-independent clade), while those of Groups C and D were <i>spa</i>-t011 and t034. The MRSA-CC398 was predominately of t011 and t034 in all the groups (with few other<i> spa-</i>types, livestock-associated clades). The pooled prevalence of MSSA and MRSA isolates carrying the PVL encoding genes were 11.5 and 9.6% (ranges: 0.0–76.9 and 0.0–28.6%), respectively. Moreover, one PVL-positive MSSA-t011-CC398 isolate was detected in Group A. Contact with livestock and veterinary practice seems to increase the risk of carrying MRSA-CC398, but not in food handlers. Thus, this emphasizes the need for integrated molecular epidemiology of zoonotic staphylococci.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/8/1000<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>MRSAnasal colonizationgenetic lineagesCC398livestock |
| spellingShingle | Idris Nasir Abdullahi Carmen Lozano Laura Ruiz-Ripa Rosa Fernández-Fernández Myriam Zarazaga Carmen Torres Ecology and Genetic Lineages of Nasal <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and MRSA Carriage in Healthy Persons with or without Animal-Related Occupational Risks of Colonization: A Review of Global Reports Pathogens <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> MRSA nasal colonization genetic lineages CC398 livestock |
| title | Ecology and Genetic Lineages of Nasal <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and MRSA Carriage in Healthy Persons with or without Animal-Related Occupational Risks of Colonization: A Review of Global Reports |
| title_full | Ecology and Genetic Lineages of Nasal <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and MRSA Carriage in Healthy Persons with or without Animal-Related Occupational Risks of Colonization: A Review of Global Reports |
| title_fullStr | Ecology and Genetic Lineages of Nasal <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and MRSA Carriage in Healthy Persons with or without Animal-Related Occupational Risks of Colonization: A Review of Global Reports |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ecology and Genetic Lineages of Nasal <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and MRSA Carriage in Healthy Persons with or without Animal-Related Occupational Risks of Colonization: A Review of Global Reports |
| title_short | Ecology and Genetic Lineages of Nasal <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and MRSA Carriage in Healthy Persons with or without Animal-Related Occupational Risks of Colonization: A Review of Global Reports |
| title_sort | ecology and genetic lineages of nasal i staphylococcus aureus i and mrsa carriage in healthy persons with or without animal related occupational risks of colonization a review of global reports |
| topic | <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> MRSA nasal colonization genetic lineages CC398 livestock |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/8/1000 |
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