Parameters Identification of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Model Based on the Lightning Search Algorithm
The fuel cell is vital in electrical distribution networks as a distributed generation in today’s world. A precise model of a fuel cell is extensively required as it rigorously affects the simulation studies’ transient and dynamic analyses of the fuel cell. This appears in several microgrids and sma...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/21/7893 |
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| author | Banaja Mohanty Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan Hany M. Hasanien Elangovan Devaraj Rania A. Turky Rishi Pugazhendhi |
| author_facet | Banaja Mohanty Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan Hany M. Hasanien Elangovan Devaraj Rania A. Turky Rishi Pugazhendhi |
| author_sort | Banaja Mohanty |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The fuel cell is vital in electrical distribution networks as a distributed generation in today’s world. A precise model of a fuel cell is extensively required as it rigorously affects the simulation studies’ transient and dynamic analyses of the fuel cell. This appears in several microgrids and smart grid systems. This paper introduces a novel attempt to optimally determine all unknown factors of the polymer exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell model using a meta-heuristic algorithm termed the Lightning search algorithm (LSA). In this model, the current–voltage relationship is heavily nonlinear, including several unknown factors because of the shortage of fuel cell data from the manufacturer’s side. This issue can be treated as an optimization problem, and LSA is applied to detect its ability to solve this problem accurately. The objective function is the sum of the squared error between the estimated output voltage and the measured output voltage of the fuel cell. The constraints of the optimization problem involve the factors range (lower and upper limit). The LSA is utilized in minimizing the objective function. The effectiveness of the LSA-PEM fuel cell model is extensively verified using the simulation results performed under different operating conditions. The simulation results of the proposed model are compared with the measured results of three commercial fuel cells, such as Ballard Mark V 5 kW, BCS 500 W and Nedstack PS6 6 kW, to obtain a realistic study. The results of the proposed algorithm are also compared with different optimized models to validate the model and, further, to determine where LSA stands in terms of precision. In this regard, the proposed model can yield a lower SSE by more than 5% in some cases and high performance of the LSA-PEMFC model. With the results obtained, it can be concluded that LSA prevails as a potential optimization algorithm to develop a precise PEM fuel cell model. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:07:22Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:07:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-5dbda8ba6c4f4406855f7790ffefc99c2023-11-24T04:28:25ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-10-011521789310.3390/en15217893Parameters Identification of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Model Based on the Lightning Search AlgorithmBanaja Mohanty0Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan1Hany M. Hasanien2Elangovan Devaraj3Rania A. Turky4Rishi Pugazhendhi5Department of Electrical Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology (VSSUT), Burla 768018, IndiaSchool of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaElectrical Power and Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, EgyptTIFAC CORE and School of Electrical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, IndiaElectrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, EgyptResearch & Development Division (Power & Energy), Nestlives Private Limited, Chennai 600091, IndiaThe fuel cell is vital in electrical distribution networks as a distributed generation in today’s world. A precise model of a fuel cell is extensively required as it rigorously affects the simulation studies’ transient and dynamic analyses of the fuel cell. This appears in several microgrids and smart grid systems. This paper introduces a novel attempt to optimally determine all unknown factors of the polymer exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell model using a meta-heuristic algorithm termed the Lightning search algorithm (LSA). In this model, the current–voltage relationship is heavily nonlinear, including several unknown factors because of the shortage of fuel cell data from the manufacturer’s side. This issue can be treated as an optimization problem, and LSA is applied to detect its ability to solve this problem accurately. The objective function is the sum of the squared error between the estimated output voltage and the measured output voltage of the fuel cell. The constraints of the optimization problem involve the factors range (lower and upper limit). The LSA is utilized in minimizing the objective function. The effectiveness of the LSA-PEM fuel cell model is extensively verified using the simulation results performed under different operating conditions. The simulation results of the proposed model are compared with the measured results of three commercial fuel cells, such as Ballard Mark V 5 kW, BCS 500 W and Nedstack PS6 6 kW, to obtain a realistic study. The results of the proposed algorithm are also compared with different optimized models to validate the model and, further, to determine where LSA stands in terms of precision. In this regard, the proposed model can yield a lower SSE by more than 5% in some cases and high performance of the LSA-PEMFC model. With the results obtained, it can be concluded that LSA prevails as a potential optimization algorithm to develop a precise PEM fuel cell model.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/21/7893parameters identificationlightning search algorithm (LSA)PEM fuel celloptimization algorithmfuel cell model |
| spellingShingle | Banaja Mohanty Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan Hany M. Hasanien Elangovan Devaraj Rania A. Turky Rishi Pugazhendhi Parameters Identification of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Model Based on the Lightning Search Algorithm Energies parameters identification lightning search algorithm (LSA) PEM fuel cell optimization algorithm fuel cell model |
| title | Parameters Identification of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Model Based on the Lightning Search Algorithm |
| title_full | Parameters Identification of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Model Based on the Lightning Search Algorithm |
| title_fullStr | Parameters Identification of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Model Based on the Lightning Search Algorithm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Parameters Identification of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Model Based on the Lightning Search Algorithm |
| title_short | Parameters Identification of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Model Based on the Lightning Search Algorithm |
| title_sort | parameters identification of proton exchange membrane fuel cell model based on the lightning search algorithm |
| topic | parameters identification lightning search algorithm (LSA) PEM fuel cell optimization algorithm fuel cell model |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/21/7893 |
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