Review of the New Zealand <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda Type Epidemic and Epidemiological Research since 2012
This article sets out to document and summarise the New Zealand epidemic and the epidemiological research conducted on the epizootic of bovine anaemia associated with <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda type infection, which began in New Zealand in August 2012. As New Zealand has no other...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/10/1346 |
| _version_ | 1797513480429895680 |
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| author | Kevin Lawrence Kristene Gedye Andrew McFadden David Pulford Allen Heath William Pomroy |
| author_facet | Kevin Lawrence Kristene Gedye Andrew McFadden David Pulford Allen Heath William Pomroy |
| author_sort | Kevin Lawrence |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This article sets out to document and summarise the New Zealand epidemic and the epidemiological research conducted on the epizootic of bovine anaemia associated with <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda type infection, which began in New Zealand in August 2012. As New Zealand has no other pathogenic tick-borne cattle haemoparasites, the effects of the <i>T. orientalis</i> Ikeda type infection observed in affected herds and individual animals were not confounded by other concurrent haemoparasite infections, as was possibly the case in other countries. This has resulted in an unbiased perspective of a new disease. In addition, as both New Zealand’s beef and dairy cattle systems are seasonally based, this has led to a different epidemiological presentation than that reported by almost all other affected countries. Having verified the establishment of a new disease and identified the associated pathogen, the remaining key requirements of an epidemiological investigation, for a disease affecting production animals, are to describe how the disease spreads, describe the likely impacts of that disease at the individual and herd level and explore methods of disease control or mitigation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:17:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5dbf4823613243c795f08db0cc81df07 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:17:10Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-5dbf4823613243c795f08db0cc81df072023-11-22T19:34:47ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-10-011010134610.3390/pathogens10101346Review of the New Zealand <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda Type Epidemic and Epidemiological Research since 2012Kevin Lawrence0Kristene Gedye1Andrew McFadden2David Pulford3Allen Heath4William Pomroy5School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4100, New ZealandSchool of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4100, New ZealandMinistry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 40742, Upper Hutt 5018, New ZealandMinistry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 40742, Upper Hutt 5018, New ZealandHopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch Ltd., Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandSchool of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4100, New ZealandThis article sets out to document and summarise the New Zealand epidemic and the epidemiological research conducted on the epizootic of bovine anaemia associated with <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda type infection, which began in New Zealand in August 2012. As New Zealand has no other pathogenic tick-borne cattle haemoparasites, the effects of the <i>T. orientalis</i> Ikeda type infection observed in affected herds and individual animals were not confounded by other concurrent haemoparasite infections, as was possibly the case in other countries. This has resulted in an unbiased perspective of a new disease. In addition, as both New Zealand’s beef and dairy cattle systems are seasonally based, this has led to a different epidemiological presentation than that reported by almost all other affected countries. Having verified the establishment of a new disease and identified the associated pathogen, the remaining key requirements of an epidemiological investigation, for a disease affecting production animals, are to describe how the disease spreads, describe the likely impacts of that disease at the individual and herd level and explore methods of disease control or mitigation.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/10/1346<i>Theileria orientalis</i>IkedaNew Zealand<i>Theileria</i> associated bovine anaemiabovine |
| spellingShingle | Kevin Lawrence Kristene Gedye Andrew McFadden David Pulford Allen Heath William Pomroy Review of the New Zealand <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda Type Epidemic and Epidemiological Research since 2012 Pathogens <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda New Zealand <i>Theileria</i> associated bovine anaemia bovine |
| title | Review of the New Zealand <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda Type Epidemic and Epidemiological Research since 2012 |
| title_full | Review of the New Zealand <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda Type Epidemic and Epidemiological Research since 2012 |
| title_fullStr | Review of the New Zealand <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda Type Epidemic and Epidemiological Research since 2012 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Review of the New Zealand <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda Type Epidemic and Epidemiological Research since 2012 |
| title_short | Review of the New Zealand <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda Type Epidemic and Epidemiological Research since 2012 |
| title_sort | review of the new zealand i theileria orientalis i ikeda type epidemic and epidemiological research since 2012 |
| topic | <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda New Zealand <i>Theileria</i> associated bovine anaemia bovine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/10/1346 |
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